2026\2027 A+ Grade
Utilitarianism
- correct answer Decision Rule: maximize the benefits to society and minimize harm
Advantages: replaces partially with science
Disadvantages: the means do not matter
WHAT TO LOOK FOR:
-STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
-ATTEMPT TO GET THE BEST RULE
-MAXIMIZE BENEFITS FOR SOCIETY
-GIRL IN TOWER
Theory of Justice: John Rawls
- correct answer Decision Rule: favor the least advantaged.
Advantages: unbiased approach to social justice
Disadvantages: denies free will and concept of meritocracy
WHAT TO LOOK FOR:
-DECISION MAKDE TO FAVOR THE LEAST ADVANTAGED
-SOCIAL CONTRACT
-VEIL OF UNAWARENESS
, Theory of Rights
- correct answer Decision Rule:A decision is Ethical if it is free of fraud and force. Do what you want as
long as you're not hurting others
Advantages: Virtually complete freedom of action with minimal governmental intrusion
Disadvantages: Almost complete disregard of interests of others with a stake in behavior
WHAT TO LOOK FOR:
-NO LIES
-EMPHASIS ON RIGHTS OF DECISION MAKER
-EX: BANK LOANS
Ethics of Care- Gilligan
- correct answer Decision Rule: Focus on relationships, responsibilities and emotions
Advantages: protects the weak and dependent
Disadvantages: neglects the concept of justice.
WHAT TO LOOK FOR:
-PRESERVATION OF RELATIONSHIPS
-RELIANCE ON EMOTIONAL RESPONSES
-EX: CERTAIN SMALL, ENTREPRENEURIAL BUSINESSES
Integrative social contract theory
- correct answer Decision Rule: Norm is authentic and not inconsistent with hypernorms
Advantages:Accepts variations in cultural norms without succumbing to ethical relativism