,
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
dy dy dy dy dy dy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
dy
1. Virusesxare:
a. infectiousxagents that infect multi-cellular organisms dy dy dy dy
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate mor e
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
virusparticles
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media dy dy dy dy dy dy
d. cellular particles thatxbelongxto the archaea domain
dy dy dy dy dy
e. microbesxthat consistxof lipid membrane enclosed genomes dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: B d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A | I.B d y dy dy
MSC: Remembering
d y
2. Analysisxof DNA sequences reveals: dy dy dy
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and euka r
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yotes
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotesxevolved from a common ancestral cell dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
c. thatxbacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but notxwith euk ar dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
ya
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus dy dy dy dy dy
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzaexhas about 2 billion base pairs
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: B d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A | I.B d y dy dy
MSC: Remembering
d y
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes butxNOT considered toxbe cells?
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a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentousxfungi
c. archaea
ANS: A d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A.i d y
MSC: Remembering
d y
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
dy dy dy dy dy
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
c. a single-
dy
cellular prokaryote that requires a microscopexto be seen
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be se e
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n
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to bexseen
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: E d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii dy dy dy
MSC: Remembering
d y
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cellsxisxNOT true?
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a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy toxbuild themselves, and respo n
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d to dy
environmental change. dy
, b. Mostxsingle-
celled organisms requirexa microscope to render them visible, but some b
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acterial cells arexlarge enough to bexseen with naked eyes.
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
c. Microbes function as individual entities. dy dy dy dy
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
dy dy dy dy dy
e. Viruses are not considered asxmicrobial cells.
dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: C d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
dy dy dy
MSC: Remembering
d y
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. Axgenome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DN
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A.
b. If a microbe’sxgenomexincludes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix
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nitrogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, wexcan figure outxhow closely r
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elated they are. dy dy
d. Fred Sanger developed the firstxapplicable DNA sequencing method.
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: E d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.B d y
MSC: Remembering
d y
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.B.i d y
MSC: Remembering
d y
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. ferrous iron dy d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas dy
c. ammonia
ANS: D d y DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D MS
dy dy dy d y dy
C: Remembering
dy
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D d y DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D MS
dy dy dy d y dy
C: Remembering
dy
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists dy
c. viruses
ANS: A d y DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D MS
dy dy dy d y dy
C: Remembering
dy
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. DNA d. aminoxacids
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
dy dy dy dy dy dy
MULTIPLE CHOICE
dy
1. Virusesxare:
a. infectiousxagents that infect multi-cellular organisms dy dy dy dy
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate mor e
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
virusparticles
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media dy dy dy dy dy dy
d. cellular particles thatxbelongxto the archaea domain
dy dy dy dy dy
e. microbesxthat consistxof lipid membrane enclosed genomes dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: B d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A | I.B d y dy dy
MSC: Remembering
d y
2. Analysisxof DNA sequences reveals: dy dy dy
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and euka r
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
yotes
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotesxevolved from a common ancestral cell dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
c. thatxbacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but notxwith euk ar dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
ya
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus dy dy dy dy dy
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzaexhas about 2 billion base pairs
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: B d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A | I.B d y dy dy
MSC: Remembering
d y
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes butxNOT considered toxbe cells?
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentousxfungi
c. archaea
ANS: A d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A.i d y
MSC: Remembering
d y
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
dy dy dy dy dy
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
c. a single-
dy
cellular prokaryote that requires a microscopexto be seen
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be se e
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
n
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to bexseen
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: E d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii dy dy dy
MSC: Remembering
d y
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cellsxisxNOT true?
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy toxbuild themselves, and respo n
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
d to dy
environmental change. dy
, b. Mostxsingle-
celled organisms requirexa microscope to render them visible, but some b
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
acterial cells arexlarge enough to bexseen with naked eyes.
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
c. Microbes function as individual entities. dy dy dy dy
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
dy dy dy dy dy
e. Viruses are not considered asxmicrobial cells.
dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: C d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
dy dy dy
MSC: Remembering
d y
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. Axgenome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DN
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
A.
b. If a microbe’sxgenomexincludes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
nitrogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, wexcan figure outxhow closely r
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
elated they are. dy dy
d. Fred Sanger developed the firstxapplicable DNA sequencing method.
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
ANS: E d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.B d y
MSC: Remembering
d y
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B d y DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 d y TOP: I.B.i d y
MSC: Remembering
d y
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. ferrous iron dy d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas dy
c. ammonia
ANS: D d y DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D MS
dy dy dy d y dy
C: Remembering
dy
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D d y DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D MS
dy dy dy d y dy
C: Remembering
dy
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists dy
c. viruses
ANS: A d y DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP: II.D MS
dy dy dy d y dy
C: Remembering
dy
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
dy dy dy dy dy dy
a. DNA d. aminoxacids
