WGU Anatomy and Physiology 1 – EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Right ventricle - ANSWER Receives blood from right atrium and pumps blood into pulmonary
circulation
Left atria - ANSWER Receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit and passes to left
ventricle
Left ventricle - ANSWER Pumps blood to the aorta to be distributed in the systemic vessels.
This blood ultimately returns to the right atria to keep blood flowing.
Arteries - ANSWER Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to provide oxygen and nutrients
to every cell in the body. Branches are known as arterioles deliver blood to capillaries.
Capillaries - ANSWER Vessels that have single layer walls that allow the exchange of gases
and nutrients
Veins - ANSWER Vessels that return blood to the heart under low pressure. Carry blood that
has participated in exchange with tissues. Lower in oxygen and higher in C.O.2 and wastes
compared to systemic arterial blood
,Male reproductive system - ANSWER Consists of gonads, duct system, accessory glands and
external genitalia. Most well known parts are the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymis and
prostate gland
Epididymis - ANSWER Located within the scrotum and part of the duct system. Stores speed
and transports it to the testes
Prostate gland - ANSWER Secretes fluid that becomes part of semen. This fluid provides
nutrients for sperm and contains a base that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina
Female reproductive system - ANSWER Consists of gonads, internal accessory organs,
external genitalia, and mammary glands. Most well known parts are ovaries, uterus, cervix,
vagina, clitoris and mammary glands
Ovaries - ANSWER Perform 2 main functions 1) produce hormones estrogen and
progesterone 2) produce the female gonad eggs
Oogenesis - ANSWER Process of producing eggs
Ovulation - ANSWER Processing of releasing eggs into uterine tubes
Uterus - ANSWER Muscular pear shaped organ that has an inner wall called the
endometrium that provides a location for a fertilized egg
Cervix - ANSWER Narrow inferior region of uterus that separates uterus from vagina. Allows
for flow of menstrual blood and dilates for childbirth
Clitoris - ANSWER Collectively known as the vulva of female
,Mammary glands - ANSWER Not directly involved with reproduction but is included because
they provide nourishment to the baby via milk production
Respiratory system - ANSWER Includes nose, mouth, trachea, and lungs which can be
divided into bronchi and alveoli
Alveoli - ANSWER Tiny terminal air sac that consist of a single cell wall that allows passage of
oxygen to blood and diffuses carbon dioxide into the lungs to be exhaled
Bronchi - ANSWER Larger air containing compartments of the lung that bring air to alveoli
Integumentary system - ANSWER Major structures include skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands
and sweat glands
Skin - ANSWER Largest organ of the body, composed of 3 main layers - epidermis the outer
layer, dermis under epidermis and the hypodermis that attaches the skin to the structures
below it
Sebaceous glands - ANSWER Secretions maintain the softness and hydrophobicity of hair
and skin
Apocrine glands - ANSWER Secretions moisten the skin during pain, fear, sexual arousal and
emotional upset
Merocrine or eccrine glands - ANSWER Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature
, Endocrine system - ANSWER Primary organs are 1) hypothalamus 2) pituitary gland 3)
thyroid and parathyroid 4) adrenal glands 5) pancreas - part of the digestive system 6) gonads -
ovaries or testes which is part of the reproductive system 7) pineal gland
Hypothalamus - ANSWER Regulates many basic functions such as thirst, hunger, metabolic
rate and plasma ion concentrations
Pituitary gland - ANSWER Sometimes called the master gland because it controls the release
of hormones of many other endocrine glands.
Thyroid and parathyroid - ANSWER Located together at the neck, secrete glands that
regulate metabolism. Parathyroid gland secretes hormones that regulate blood calcium levels
Adrenal glands - ANSWER Produce steroid hormones that regulate metabolic functions
during stress, kidney function and sexual function, also secrete epinephrine or adrenaline when
stimulated
Pancreas - ANSWER Secrete insulin to lower blood sugar levels and glucagon to raise blood
sugar levels.
Gonads - ANSWER Secrete sexual hormones that control production of seed and eggs and is
under control of pituitary gland hormones
Pineal gland - ANSWER Responds to light levels and releases melatonin which may help in
regulating sleep
Atom - ANSWER Basic unit of matter, consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
Right ventricle - ANSWER Receives blood from right atrium and pumps blood into pulmonary
circulation
Left atria - ANSWER Receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit and passes to left
ventricle
Left ventricle - ANSWER Pumps blood to the aorta to be distributed in the systemic vessels.
This blood ultimately returns to the right atria to keep blood flowing.
Arteries - ANSWER Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to provide oxygen and nutrients
to every cell in the body. Branches are known as arterioles deliver blood to capillaries.
Capillaries - ANSWER Vessels that have single layer walls that allow the exchange of gases
and nutrients
Veins - ANSWER Vessels that return blood to the heart under low pressure. Carry blood that
has participated in exchange with tissues. Lower in oxygen and higher in C.O.2 and wastes
compared to systemic arterial blood
,Male reproductive system - ANSWER Consists of gonads, duct system, accessory glands and
external genitalia. Most well known parts are the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymis and
prostate gland
Epididymis - ANSWER Located within the scrotum and part of the duct system. Stores speed
and transports it to the testes
Prostate gland - ANSWER Secretes fluid that becomes part of semen. This fluid provides
nutrients for sperm and contains a base that neutralizes the acidic environment of the vagina
Female reproductive system - ANSWER Consists of gonads, internal accessory organs,
external genitalia, and mammary glands. Most well known parts are ovaries, uterus, cervix,
vagina, clitoris and mammary glands
Ovaries - ANSWER Perform 2 main functions 1) produce hormones estrogen and
progesterone 2) produce the female gonad eggs
Oogenesis - ANSWER Process of producing eggs
Ovulation - ANSWER Processing of releasing eggs into uterine tubes
Uterus - ANSWER Muscular pear shaped organ that has an inner wall called the
endometrium that provides a location for a fertilized egg
Cervix - ANSWER Narrow inferior region of uterus that separates uterus from vagina. Allows
for flow of menstrual blood and dilates for childbirth
Clitoris - ANSWER Collectively known as the vulva of female
,Mammary glands - ANSWER Not directly involved with reproduction but is included because
they provide nourishment to the baby via milk production
Respiratory system - ANSWER Includes nose, mouth, trachea, and lungs which can be
divided into bronchi and alveoli
Alveoli - ANSWER Tiny terminal air sac that consist of a single cell wall that allows passage of
oxygen to blood and diffuses carbon dioxide into the lungs to be exhaled
Bronchi - ANSWER Larger air containing compartments of the lung that bring air to alveoli
Integumentary system - ANSWER Major structures include skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands
and sweat glands
Skin - ANSWER Largest organ of the body, composed of 3 main layers - epidermis the outer
layer, dermis under epidermis and the hypodermis that attaches the skin to the structures
below it
Sebaceous glands - ANSWER Secretions maintain the softness and hydrophobicity of hair
and skin
Apocrine glands - ANSWER Secretions moisten the skin during pain, fear, sexual arousal and
emotional upset
Merocrine or eccrine glands - ANSWER Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature
, Endocrine system - ANSWER Primary organs are 1) hypothalamus 2) pituitary gland 3)
thyroid and parathyroid 4) adrenal glands 5) pancreas - part of the digestive system 6) gonads -
ovaries or testes which is part of the reproductive system 7) pineal gland
Hypothalamus - ANSWER Regulates many basic functions such as thirst, hunger, metabolic
rate and plasma ion concentrations
Pituitary gland - ANSWER Sometimes called the master gland because it controls the release
of hormones of many other endocrine glands.
Thyroid and parathyroid - ANSWER Located together at the neck, secrete glands that
regulate metabolism. Parathyroid gland secretes hormones that regulate blood calcium levels
Adrenal glands - ANSWER Produce steroid hormones that regulate metabolic functions
during stress, kidney function and sexual function, also secrete epinephrine or adrenaline when
stimulated
Pancreas - ANSWER Secrete insulin to lower blood sugar levels and glucagon to raise blood
sugar levels.
Gonads - ANSWER Secrete sexual hormones that control production of seed and eggs and is
under control of pituitary gland hormones
Pineal gland - ANSWER Responds to light levels and releases melatonin which may help in
regulating sleep
Atom - ANSWER Basic unit of matter, consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons
