Otorhinolaryngology EXAM NEWEST EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!!

Otorhinolaryngology EXAM NEWEST EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND NEW VERSION!! What is a displaced frontal fracture? - Answer- A fracture in the frontal bone, which is formed by the forehead and upper part of the orbits. What is an orbital floor fracture also known as? - Answer- A blowout fracture. What procedure is performed to correct a blowout fracture? - Answer- Le Fort III procedure. What are corneal eye protectors used for? - Answer- As a covering on the eye. What is the subciliary incision? - Answer- An incision performed under the eye lashes. What is the transconjunctival incision? - Answer- An incision performed in the conjunctiva of the inferior eye lid. What instruments are used for the Le Fort III procedure? - Answer- Maxillofacial instruments, small malleable retractors, periosteal elevators, and #15 blades. What is another name for the zygomatic bone? - Answer- Malar bone or cheek bone. How is a zygomatic fracture commonly repaired? - Answer- With plates, screws, and k-wires. What is a LE FORT I fracture? - Answer- A fracture that includes the nasal floor, septum, and teeth, also called a mustache fracture. How is a LE FORT I fracture repaired? - Answer- It is repaired with arch bars and maxillomandibular fixation (MMF). What are arch bars used for? - Answer- To realign the teeth, mandible, and maxilla. How long can arch bars be left in place? - Answer- They can be left for a few weeks or removed immediately after the procedure if the face is stabilized. What is the wire gauge used for arch bars? - Answer- The wire gauge used is 24-26. How are the hooks on the arch bars positioned? - Answer- Upward on the upper jaw and downward on the lower jaw. What is the standard protocol for inserting and removing wires? - Answer- Insert wires clockwise and remove them counterclockwise. What should be kept with the patient in case of an emergency? - Answer- Wire cutters. What should the STSR be prepared to perform in an emergency? - Answer- An emergency tracheostomy if the patient experiences respiratory difficulty. What instruments are used in the repair of midface fractures? - Answer- Arch bars, maxillofacial instruments, small malleable retractors, periosteal elevators, and #15 blades. What materials can be used to repair an orbital floor defect? - Answer- Bone grafts (autogenous or synthetic), nylon sheeting, silastic sheeting, and molded metal implants. LE FORT II - Answer- Pyramid maxillary fracture involving the nasal cavity, hard palate, and orbital rim. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage - Answer- A potential complication associated with LE FORT II fractures. Neurosurgeon - Answer- Must be present during LE FORT II fracture procedures. Raney clips - Answer- Special neuro clips used for retraction and hemostasis. Frontal sinuses - Answer- Checked for damage during LE FORT II fracture repair. Mosquito clamps - Answer- Used to remove shattered pieces of bone in LE FORT II fractures. LE FORT III - Answer- Orbital floor fracture, also known as blowout fracture or craniofacial fracture. Mandibular fractures - Answer- Repair of facial fractures of the lower jaw. MMF fixation - Answer- Arch bars used in the fixation of mandibular fractures. Incision for ORIF - Answer- Can include gingival-buccal mucosa, skin over fracture site. Periosteal elevators - Answer- Used to repair depressed fractures. Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) - Answer- Procedure to correct deformities of the upper and lower jaw by moving them forward. Malocclusion - Answer- Condition where the upper jaw and lower jaw do not line up properly. Odontectomy - Answer- Tooth extraction procedure. Labial - Answer- Refers to the side of the mouth/teeth closest to the lips. Lingual - Answer- Refers to the tongue. Buccal - Answer- Refers to the cheek. Throat packing - Answer- Used during an extraction to prevent aspiration and debris swallowing. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) - Answer- Procedure performed to reduce pain and increase joint mobility. Muscle tension - Answer- Can be a cause of TMJ pain. Grinding of the teeth - Answer- Can contribute to TMJ issues. Trauma - Answer- Can lead to TMJ dysfunction. Parts of the ear - Answer- The ear is divided into three parts: the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear. Hearing during sleep - Answer- Hearing is the last sense to disappear when you fall asleep and the first to return when you awaken. Inner ear - Answer- The inner ear is made up of a series of tunnels called labyrinths, responsible for the body's equilibrium. Bony labyrinth - Answer- The bony labyrinth consists of the cochlea, which is a snail-shaped structure containing the organ of Corti. Middle ear - Answer- The middle ear extends from the tympanic membrane to the middle ear and includes the ossicles. Ossicles - Answer- The ossicles include the malleus (hammer bone), stapes (stirrup), and incus (anvil).