FoundationsVofVBusinessV7eVWilliamVM.VPride;
ChapterV1-47
ChapterV1
EndVofVChapterVQuestions
QuizVYourself
1. ScarcityVimpliesVthatVtheVallocationVdecisionVchosenVbyVsocietyVcan
a) notVmakeVmoreVofVanyVoneVgood.
b) alwaysVmakeVmoreVofVanyVgood.
c) typicallyVmakeVmoreVofVoneVgoodVbutVatVtheVexpenseVofVmaking
VlessVofVanother.
d) alwaysVmakeVmoreVofVallVgoodsVsimultaneously.V
Explanation:VScarcityVimpliesVthatVchoicesVinvolveVtrade-
offs.
AACSB:VReflectiveVThinkingVAcces
sibility:VKeyboardVNavigationVBloom
s:VUnderstand
Difficulty:V02VMediumVGra
deable:VautomaticVLearningV
Objective:V01-01
Topic:VEconomicsVandVOpportunityVCost
2. AVproductionVpossibilitiesVfrontierVisVaVsimpleVmodelVof
a) allocatingVscarceVinputsVtoVtheVproductionVofValternativeVoutputs.
a) priceVandVproduction/consumptionVinVaVmarket.
b) theVcostVofVproducingVgoods.
c) theVnumberVofVinputsVrequiredVtoVproduceVvaryingVlevelsVofVoutput.V Expla
nation:VTheVproductionVpossibilitiesVfrontierVshowsVtheVquantityVofVtwoVgoodsVtha
tVcanVbeVproduced.VItVimpliesVthatVscarcityVrequiresVthatVchoicesVbeVmadeVasVtoVh
owVtoVuseVresources.
AACSB:VReflectiveVThinkingVAcces
sibility:VKeyboardVNavigationVBloom
s:VUnderstand
Difficulty:V02VMediumVGra
deable:VautomaticVLearningV
Objective:V01-01
Topic:VModelingVOpportunityVCostVUsingVtheVProductionVPossibilitiesVFrontier
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,3. TheVunderlyingVreasonVthatVthereVareVunattainableVpointsVonVaVproductionVpossi
bilitiesVfrontierVisVthatVthere
a. isVgovernment.
b. areValwaysVchoicesVthatVmustVbeVmade.
c. areVscarceVresourcesVwithinVaVfixedVlevelVofVtechnology.
d. isVunemploymentVofVresources.
Explanation:VTheVpointsVoutsideVtheVproductionVpossibilitiesVfrontierVareVunattainable.
VThisVmeansVthatVcurrentlyVavailableVresourcesVandVtechnologyVareVinsufficientVtoVpr
oduceVamountsVgreaterVthanVthoseVillustratedVonVtheVfrontier.VOnVaVgraph,Veverythin
gVbeyondVtheVfrontierVisVunattainable.
AACSB:VReflectiveVThinkingVAcces
sibility:VKeyboardVNavigationVBloom
s:VRemember
Difficulty:V01VEasyVGradea
ble:VautomaticVLearningVObj
ective:V01-01
Topic:VModelingVOpportunityVCostVUsingVtheVProductionVPossibilitiesVFrontier
4. TheVunderlyingVreasonVproductionVpossibilitiesVfrontiersVareVlikelyVtoVbeVbow
edVoutV(ratherVthanVlinear)VisVbecause
a. choicesVhaveVconsequences.
b. thereVareValwaysVopportunityVcosts.
c. someVresourcesVandVpeopleVcanVbeVbetterVusedVproducingVoneVgoodV
ratherVthanVanother.
d. thereVisValwaysVsomeVlevelVofVunemployment.
Explanation:VIfVtheVproductionVpossibilitiesVfrontierVisVnotVaVlineVbutVisVbowedVoutV
awayVfromVtheVorigin,VthenVopportunityVcostVisVincreasing.VTheVreasonVforVthisVisVth
atVasVweVaddVmoreVresourcesVtoVtheVproductionVof,VforVexample,Vpizza,VweVareVusin
gVfewerVresourcesVtoVproduceVsoda.VCompoundingVthatVproblem,VatVeachVstageVasVw
eVtakeVtheVresourcesVawayVfromVsodaVandVputVthemVintoVpizza,VweVareVmovingVwor
kersVwhoVareVworseVatVpizzaVproductionVandVbetterVatVsodaVproductionVthanVthoseV
movedVinVtheVpreviousVstage.VThisVmeansVthatVtheVincreaseVinVpizzaVproductionVisVd
iminishingVandVtheVlossVinVsodaVproductionVisVincreasing.VAnVeconomistVwouldVcallV
thisVanVexampleVofVincreasingVopportunityVcost.VIfVtheVproductionVpossibilitiesVfronti
erVisVaVstraightVlineVthatVisVnotVbowedVoutVawayVfromVtheVorigin,VthenVopportunityV
costVisVconstant.
AACSB:VKnowledgeVApplicationVAc
cessibility:VKeyboardVNavigationVBlo
oms:VRemember
Difficulty:V01VEasyVGradea
ble:VautomaticVLearningVObj
ective:V01-02
Topic:VAttributesVofVtheVProductionVPossibilitiesVFrontier
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,5. SupposeVyouVwereVmodelingVtheVimpactVofVtheVintroductionVofVcomputerVauto
mationVintoVmanufacturingVonVaVproductionVpossibilitiesVfrontierV(PPF)VwithVtwoV
manufacturedVgoodsVonVtheirVrespectiveVaxes.VItVwouldVbeVmoreVlikelyVthatVtheVre
sultVwouldVbeV .
a) generalizedVgrowthVwithVtheVPPFVmovingVbothVupVandVtoVtheVright.
b) specializedVgrowthVwithVtheVPPFVmovingVbothVupVandVtoVtheVright.
c) generalizedVgrowthVwithVtheVPPFVjustVmovingVupVandVnotVtoVtheVright.
d) specializedVgrowthVwithVtheVPPFVjustVmovingVupVandVnotVtoVtheVright.VEx
planation:VComputerVautomationVisVaVgeneralVimprovementVinVtechnologyVsoVitVwo
uldVimproveVallVmanufacturing.VAsVaVresult,VitVwouldVresultVinVgeneralizedVgrowth
VandVmoveVtheVPPFVbothVupVandVtoVtheVright.
AACSB:VKnowledgeVApplicationVAc
cessibility:VKeyboardVNavigationVBlo
oms:VRemember
Difficulty:V01VEasyVGradea
ble:VautomaticVLearningVObj
ective:V01-
03VTopic:VEconomicVGrowt
h
6. TheVoptimizationVassumptionVsuggestsVthatVpeopleVmake
a. irrationalVdecisions.
b. unpredictableVdecisions.
c. decisionsVtoVmakeVthemselvesVasVwellVoffVasVpossible.
d. decisionsVwithoutVthinkingVveryVhard.
Explanation:VTheVoptimizationVassumptionVsuggestsVthatVtheVpersonVinVquestionVisVt
ryingVtoVmaximizeVsomeVobjective.VConsumersVareVassumedVtoVbeVmakingVdecision
sVthatVmaximizeVtheirVhappinessVsubjectVtoVaVscarceVamountVofVmoney.
AACSB:VReflectiveVThinkingVAcces
sibility:VKeyboardVNavigationVBloom
s:VRemember
Difficulty:V01VEasyVGradea
ble:VautomaticVLearningVObj
ective:V01-01
Topic:VThinkingVEconomically
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, 7. ImagineVanVeconomistVorderingVdonutsVone-by-
one.VWhenVdecidingVhowVmanyVdonutsVtoVorderVtheyVwouldVpickVthatVnumberVwher
eVtheVenjoymentVofVtheV
equalsVtheVenjoymentVtheyVcouldVgetVfromVusingVtheVmoneyVonVanotherVgood.
a. firstVdonut
b. last/marginalVdonut
c. average/typicalVdonut
d. totalVnumberVofVdonuts
Explanation:VTheVenjoymentVofVtheVlastVsliceVisVtheVmarginalVbenefitVofVthatVslice.VIfVth
isVenjoymentVisVmoreVthanVtheVenjoymentVfromVsomeValternative,VmoreVwillVbeVconsum
ed.
AACSB:VReflectiveVThinkingVAcces
sibility:VKeyboardVNavigationVBloom
s:VUnderstand
Difficulty:V02VMediumVGrad
eable:VautomaticV LearningVO
bjective:V01-
04VTopic:VThinkingVEconomi
cally
8. OfVcourse,VallVindividualVstudentsVareVbetterVoffVifVtheyVearnVbetterVgrades.VIfVy
ouVwereVtoVconcludeVthatVallVstudentsVwouldVbeVbetterVoffVifVeveryoneVreceivedVan
VA,VyouVwould
a. haveVfallenVvictimVtoVtheVfallacyVofVscarcity.
b. beVright.
c. haveVfallenVvictimVtoVtheVfallacyVofVcomposition.
d. beVmistakingVcorrelationVwithVcausation.
Explanation:VTheVfallacyVofVcompositionVisVtheVmistakeVinVlogicVthatVsuggestsVthatVt
heVtotalVeconomicVimpactVofVsomethingVisValwaysVandVsimplyVequalVtoVtheVsumVofV
theVindividualVparts.
AACSB:VReflectiveVThinkingVAcces
sibility:VKeyboardVNavigationVBloom
s:VUnderstand
Difficulty:V02VMediumVGrad
eable:VautomaticV LearningVO
bjective:V01-
04VTopic:VThinkingVEconomi
cally
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