TEST BANK For Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology (23rd edition) by Kim Barrett, Heddwen Brooks, Scott Boitano and Susan Barman. National Board–Style MCQs with 100% Correct Answers and Explanations Volume IV – Chapter 27-40

TEST BANK For Ganong’s Review of
Medical Physiology (23rd edition) by Kim
Barrett, Heddwen Brooks, Scott Boitano and
Susan Barman.
National Board–Style MCQs with 100%
Correct Answers and Explanations
Volume IV – Chapter 27-40.

,Chapter 27 – Digestion, Absorption & Nutritional Principles

1. The major site for digestion and absorption of nutrients is the:

A. Stomach
B. Duodenum
C. Jejunum
D. Ileum
E. Colon

✅ Answer: C

Explanation:
The jejunum is the primary site for nutrient digestion and absorption.



2. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the:

A. Stomach
B. Duodenum
C. Mouth
D. Jejunum
E. Ileum

✅ Answer: C

Explanation:
Salivary α-amylase initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.



3. The final digestion of carbohydrates into monosaccharides occurs at the:

A. Stomach
B. Pancreas
C. Brush border of intestinal epithelial cells
D. Colon
E. Liver

✅ Answer: C

Explanation:
Disaccharidases on the brush border complete carbohydrate digestion.

,4. Glucose and galactose are absorbed by intestinal cells via:

A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Passive diffusion
C. Na⁺-dependent cotransport (SGLT-1)
D. GLUT-2
E. Endocytosis

✅ Answer: C

Explanation:
Glucose and galactose use SGLT-1, a Na⁺-dependent cotransporter.



5. Fructose absorption occurs via:

A. SGLT-1
B. GLUT-4
C. GLUT-5
D. GLUT-2
E. Na⁺-ATPase

✅ Answer: C

Explanation:
Fructose is absorbed by facilitated diffusion via GLUT-5.



6. Proteins are absorbed mainly as:

A. Free amino acids only
B. Tripeptides only
C. Dipeptides and tripeptides
D. Whole proteins
E. Polypeptides

✅ Answer: C

Explanation:
Most proteins are absorbed as dipeptides and tripeptides via H⁺-dependent transporters.

, 7. The enzyme responsible for initial protein digestion is:

A. Trypsin
B. Chymotrypsin
C. Pepsin
D. Elastase
E. Carboxypeptidase

✅ Answer: C

Explanation:
Pepsin initiates protein digestion in the stomach.



8. Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin by:

A. Pepsin
B. Enterokinase (enteropeptidase)
C. Chymotrypsin
D. Gastrin
E. Secretin

✅ Answer: B

Explanation:
Enterokinase in the duodenal mucosa activates trypsinogen.



9. Fat digestion mainly requires:

A. Pancreatic amylase
B. Gastric lipase
C. Bile salts and pancreatic lipase
D. Pepsin
E. Brush border enzymes

✅ Answer: C

Explanation:
Bile salts emulsify fats, and pancreatic lipase digests triglycerides.