ESTUDYR
BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab | Module 9
Exam Review |70 Questions and Answers Summary |The
Endocrine System |Portage Learning
Question 1
Which of the following hormones is not considered a steroid or peptide hormone involved in
growth regulation?
● Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1)
● Growth Hormone (GH)
● Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
● ✅Aldosterone
Rationale: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex,
mainly regulating sodium and potassium balance, not growth. IGF-1, GH, and GHRH are part of
growth regulation.
Question 2
Which hormone functions to inhibit the release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating
hormone, and prolactin?
● Oxytocin
● Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
● Dopamine
● ✅Somatostatin
Rationale: Somatostatin, produced by the hypothalamus, inhibits GH, TSH, and prolactin
secretion, acting as a regulatory hormone.
Question 3
Which hormone is not secreted directly by the anterior or posterior pituitary gland?
● Prolactin
● Growth Hormone (GH)
● Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
● ✅Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
,ESTUDYR
Rationale: TRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary to release
TSH, but it is not secreted by the pituitary itself.
Question 4
Which hormone plays a critical role in both male and female reproductive functions,
including testosterone synthesis and ovulation?
● Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
● Growth Hormone (GH)
● ✅Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
● Prolactin
Rationale: LH stimulates Leydig cells in males to produce testosterone and triggers ovulation in
females by stimulating the ovarian follicles.
Question 5
True or False: The pituitary gland releases tropic hormones in response to hypothalamic
signaling, including TSH, ACTH, FSH, and LH.
● True ✅
● False
Rationale: Tropic hormones regulate other endocrine glands and are released by the anterior
pituitary in response to hypothalamic hormones.
Question 6
What is the primary physiological role of T3 and T4 in the body?
● Maintaining electrolyte balance
● Reducing blood glucose levels
● ✅Regulating metabolism, growth, development, and body temperature
● Stimulating lactation
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) increase metabolic rate, promote growth, and regulate
development and thermogenesis.
, ESTUDYR
Question 7
If a patient has secondary hypothyroidism due to pituitary dysfunction, what would be the
expected hormone levels?
● TRH: Increased, TSH: Increased, T3: Decreased, T4: Decreased
● ✅TRH: Increased, TSH: Decreased, T3: Decreased, T4: Decreased
● TRH: Decreased, TSH: Increased, T3: Increased, T4: Increased
● TRH: Decreased, TSH: Decreased, T3: Increased, T4: Decreased
Rationale: Secondary hypothyroidism results from low TSH due to pituitary failure; TRH rises
in response to low thyroid hormone levels, while T3 and T4 remain low.
Question 8
Which is the primary role of cortisol during stress?
● Stimulating protein synthesis
● Promoting immune system activity
● ✅Increasing blood glucose through gluconeogenesis
● Lowering blood pressure
Rationale: Cortisol mobilizes energy stores by promoting gluconeogenesis, increasing blood
sugar during stress, and modulating the immune response.
Question 9
Which hormone is responsible for rapid calcium mobilization from bones when blood
calcium is low?
● Calcitonin
● Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) ✅
● Aldosterone
● Growth Hormone
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity, enhancing intestinal
calcium absorption via vitamin D, and reducing renal calcium excretion.
BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab | Module 9
Exam Review |70 Questions and Answers Summary |The
Endocrine System |Portage Learning
Question 1
Which of the following hormones is not considered a steroid or peptide hormone involved in
growth regulation?
● Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1)
● Growth Hormone (GH)
● Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
● ✅Aldosterone
Rationale: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex,
mainly regulating sodium and potassium balance, not growth. IGF-1, GH, and GHRH are part of
growth regulation.
Question 2
Which hormone functions to inhibit the release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating
hormone, and prolactin?
● Oxytocin
● Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
● Dopamine
● ✅Somatostatin
Rationale: Somatostatin, produced by the hypothalamus, inhibits GH, TSH, and prolactin
secretion, acting as a regulatory hormone.
Question 3
Which hormone is not secreted directly by the anterior or posterior pituitary gland?
● Prolactin
● Growth Hormone (GH)
● Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
● ✅Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
,ESTUDYR
Rationale: TRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary to release
TSH, but it is not secreted by the pituitary itself.
Question 4
Which hormone plays a critical role in both male and female reproductive functions,
including testosterone synthesis and ovulation?
● Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
● Growth Hormone (GH)
● ✅Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
● Prolactin
Rationale: LH stimulates Leydig cells in males to produce testosterone and triggers ovulation in
females by stimulating the ovarian follicles.
Question 5
True or False: The pituitary gland releases tropic hormones in response to hypothalamic
signaling, including TSH, ACTH, FSH, and LH.
● True ✅
● False
Rationale: Tropic hormones regulate other endocrine glands and are released by the anterior
pituitary in response to hypothalamic hormones.
Question 6
What is the primary physiological role of T3 and T4 in the body?
● Maintaining electrolyte balance
● Reducing blood glucose levels
● ✅Regulating metabolism, growth, development, and body temperature
● Stimulating lactation
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) increase metabolic rate, promote growth, and regulate
development and thermogenesis.
, ESTUDYR
Question 7
If a patient has secondary hypothyroidism due to pituitary dysfunction, what would be the
expected hormone levels?
● TRH: Increased, TSH: Increased, T3: Decreased, T4: Decreased
● ✅TRH: Increased, TSH: Decreased, T3: Decreased, T4: Decreased
● TRH: Decreased, TSH: Increased, T3: Increased, T4: Increased
● TRH: Decreased, TSH: Decreased, T3: Increased, T4: Decreased
Rationale: Secondary hypothyroidism results from low TSH due to pituitary failure; TRH rises
in response to low thyroid hormone levels, while T3 and T4 remain low.
Question 8
Which is the primary role of cortisol during stress?
● Stimulating protein synthesis
● Promoting immune system activity
● ✅Increasing blood glucose through gluconeogenesis
● Lowering blood pressure
Rationale: Cortisol mobilizes energy stores by promoting gluconeogenesis, increasing blood
sugar during stress, and modulating the immune response.
Question 9
Which hormone is responsible for rapid calcium mobilization from bones when blood
calcium is low?
● Calcitonin
● Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) ✅
● Aldosterone
● Growth Hormone
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclast activity, enhancing intestinal
calcium absorption via vitamin D, and reducing renal calcium excretion.
