ESTUDYR
BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab |
Module 7 Exam Review |70 Questions and Answers
Summary | |Portage Learning
Question 1
Which type of sensory receptor is specialized to detect the position and movement of joints,
muscles, and tendons, providing information about the body’s spatial orientation during
movement and helping maintain balance?
● Nociceptors
● Exteroceptors
● Interoceptors
● ✅Proprioceptors
Rationale: Proprioceptors, such as muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, continuously
monitor stretch and tension in muscles and joints, allowing the CNS to coordinate movement and
maintain posture.
,ESTUDYR
Question 2
Ruffini’s corpuscles are mechanoreceptors found in the skin that respond to slow, sustained
pressure and skin stretch. They also respond to warmth. True or False?
● True
● ✅False
Rationale: Ruffini corpuscles detect stretch and sustained pressure but are not thermoreceptors;
warmth is primarily detected by thermoreceptors.
Question 3
Paradoxical cold occurs under certain conditions where a normally cold-sensitive receptor fires
inappropriately. Which statement best describes paradoxical cold?
● When warm receptors mistakenly signal cold sensations
● When cold receptors stop firing in extremely cold conditions
● ✅When cold receptors fire in response to an extreme heat stimulus
● When both warm and cold receptors stop firing simultaneously
Rationale: Paradoxical cold occurs when extreme heat stimulates cold receptors, causing the
sensation of cold even though the stimulus is hot.
Question 4
In the spinal cord, incoming sensory information from the periphery enters a specific region that
contains interneurons and synapses with ascending pathways to the brain. Which spinal cord
region fulfills this role?
● Central canal
● Ventral horn
● Anterior horn
● ✅Dorsal horn
Rationale: The dorsal horn contains interneurons and sensory neuron terminals, receiving
afferent information before transmitting it to the brain or motor neurons.
,ESTUDYR
Question 5
Polysynaptic reflex arcs are more complex than monosynaptic reflex arcs. Which statement
accurately describes a feature of polysynaptic reflexes?
● They are faster than monosynaptic reflex arcs.
● They involve only two neurons.
● They allow only a single muscle group to respond.
● ✅They involve an interneuron for more complex processing.
Rationale: Polysynaptic reflexes involve one or more interneurons, allowing for more complex
responses, including the activation of multiple muscles.
, ESTUDYR
Question 6
In a reflex arc, which of the following structures acts as an effector by producing a physical
response to a stimulus?
● A sensory neuron
● A thermoreceptor in the skin
● ✅A muscle contracting to move the hand away from a flame
● A motor neuron
Rationale: Effectors are the muscles or glands that carry out the response initiated by a reflex
arc.
Question 7
Somatic reflexes and autonomic reflexes differ in their targets and complexity. Which feature is
common to both types of reflexes?
● Both reflexes originate in the brainstem only
● Both control only skeletal muscles
● Both are voluntary responses to stimuli
● ✅Both involve a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.
BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab |
Module 7 Exam Review |70 Questions and Answers
Summary | |Portage Learning
Question 1
Which type of sensory receptor is specialized to detect the position and movement of joints,
muscles, and tendons, providing information about the body’s spatial orientation during
movement and helping maintain balance?
● Nociceptors
● Exteroceptors
● Interoceptors
● ✅Proprioceptors
Rationale: Proprioceptors, such as muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, continuously
monitor stretch and tension in muscles and joints, allowing the CNS to coordinate movement and
maintain posture.
,ESTUDYR
Question 2
Ruffini’s corpuscles are mechanoreceptors found in the skin that respond to slow, sustained
pressure and skin stretch. They also respond to warmth. True or False?
● True
● ✅False
Rationale: Ruffini corpuscles detect stretch and sustained pressure but are not thermoreceptors;
warmth is primarily detected by thermoreceptors.
Question 3
Paradoxical cold occurs under certain conditions where a normally cold-sensitive receptor fires
inappropriately. Which statement best describes paradoxical cold?
● When warm receptors mistakenly signal cold sensations
● When cold receptors stop firing in extremely cold conditions
● ✅When cold receptors fire in response to an extreme heat stimulus
● When both warm and cold receptors stop firing simultaneously
Rationale: Paradoxical cold occurs when extreme heat stimulates cold receptors, causing the
sensation of cold even though the stimulus is hot.
Question 4
In the spinal cord, incoming sensory information from the periphery enters a specific region that
contains interneurons and synapses with ascending pathways to the brain. Which spinal cord
region fulfills this role?
● Central canal
● Ventral horn
● Anterior horn
● ✅Dorsal horn
Rationale: The dorsal horn contains interneurons and sensory neuron terminals, receiving
afferent information before transmitting it to the brain or motor neurons.
,ESTUDYR
Question 5
Polysynaptic reflex arcs are more complex than monosynaptic reflex arcs. Which statement
accurately describes a feature of polysynaptic reflexes?
● They are faster than monosynaptic reflex arcs.
● They involve only two neurons.
● They allow only a single muscle group to respond.
● ✅They involve an interneuron for more complex processing.
Rationale: Polysynaptic reflexes involve one or more interneurons, allowing for more complex
responses, including the activation of multiple muscles.
, ESTUDYR
Question 6
In a reflex arc, which of the following structures acts as an effector by producing a physical
response to a stimulus?
● A sensory neuron
● A thermoreceptor in the skin
● ✅A muscle contracting to move the hand away from a flame
● A motor neuron
Rationale: Effectors are the muscles or glands that carry out the response initiated by a reflex
arc.
Question 7
Somatic reflexes and autonomic reflexes differ in their targets and complexity. Which feature is
common to both types of reflexes?
● Both reflexes originate in the brainstem only
● Both control only skeletal muscles
● Both are voluntary responses to stimuli
● ✅Both involve a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.
