,
, Test Bank s5
to accompany
s5
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition s5 s5 s5
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Multiple Choice Questions s5 s5
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throats
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution o
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
f adaptations by natural selection.
s5 s5 s5 s5
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live t
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
o reproduce than females with reddish throats.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for th
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
e long-term preservation of this species.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish female
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
s outnumber orangish females in this species.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Answer: b s5
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding s5 s5 s5
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because the
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
y inherited this ability from a lemming-like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. evolved function. s5
b. genetics and development. s5 s5
c. evolutionary history. s5
d. adaptive value. s5
Answer: c s5
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to pr
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
ovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolutionar
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
y history of a behavior.
s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding s5 s5 s5
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. can be proven.s5 s5
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widely
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
. Answer: b
s5 s5
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypotheses
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs an
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding s5 s5 s5
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mus
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
t contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes t
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
o their offspring.
s5 s5
Answer: d s5
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding s5 s5 s5
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can run.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of selecti
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
ve breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards has n
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
ot changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population ha
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
s remained unchanged.
s5 s5
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population ha
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
s increased.
s5
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were no
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
t caused by genetic differences among them.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runnin
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
g speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Answer: c s5
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying s5 s5 s5
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. Her
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
e are two questions about this observation:
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to s
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
urvive?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies i
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
n this way?
s5 s5
Which of the two is a proximate question?
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of th
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
e animal
s5
, Test Bank s5
to accompany
s5
Animal Behavior, Twelfth Edition s5 s5 s5
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, Stefanie Siller, and Dustin Rubenstein
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Multiple Choice Questions s5 s5
1. ―If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish throats
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.‖ This statement
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution o
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
f adaptations by natural selection.
s5 s5 s5 s5
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that live t
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
o reproduce than females with reddish throats.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best for th
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
e long-term preservation of this species.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish female
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
s outnumber orangish females in this species.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Answer: b s5
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding s5 s5 s5
2. The statement ―Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because the
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
y inherited this ability from a lemming-like ancestor in the past‖ is a hypothesis about
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. evolved function. s5
b. genetics and development. s5 s5
c. evolutionary history. s5
d. adaptive value. s5
Answer: c s5
Learning Objective: 1.1.3 Consider how proximate and ultimate levels of analysis can be used to pr
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
ovide an integrative understanding of the development, mechanism, adaptive value, and evolutionar
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
y history of a behavior.
s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding s5 s5 s5
3. The infanticide hypothesis, which posits that infanticide is a reproduction-
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
enhancing tactic practiced by males, is called a hypothesis because it
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. can be proven.s5 s5
b. is an explanation based on limited evidence that can be tested.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
c. is mutually exclusive to any other potential explanations.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d. is a basic principle that can be applied widely
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
. Answer: b
s5 s5
, Learning Objective: 1.1.2 Review how researchers use the scientific method to test hypotheses
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
and predictions related to a potentially adaptive behavior in order to consider its fitness costs an
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d benefits, evaluate its adaptive value, and identify why it evolved.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding s5 s5 s5
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population mus
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
t contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all respects.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends. s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous attributes t
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
o their offspring.
s5 s5
Answer: d s5
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 2. Understanding s5 s5 s5
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can run.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations of selecti
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
ve breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the lizards has n
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
ot changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population ha
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
s remained unchanged.
s5 s5
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the population ha
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
s increased.
s5
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were no
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
t caused by genetic differences among them.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in runnin
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
g speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Answer: c s5
Learning Objective: 1.1.1 Identify the conditions required to produce evolutionary change throu
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
gh natural selection and examine these conditions using the gene‘s eye view.
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
Bloom‘s Level: 3. Applying s5 s5 s5
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs hatched. Her
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
e are two questions about this observation:
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer and more likely to s
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
urvive?
Y. Does the frog have specific morphological traits that enable it to hold and transfer its babies i
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
n this way?
s5 s5
Which of the two is a proximate question?
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
a. X, because it considers the adaptive value or function of the trait
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
b. Y, because it asks about the developmental mechanisms that influence the components of th
s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5 s5
e animal
s5
