NUR 2474 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM (NEWEST
EXAM 2026) | QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. A patient recently began receiving clindamycin (Cleocin) to treat an infection. After 8
days of treatment, the patient reports having 10 to 15 watery stools per day. What will
the nurse tell this patient?
a. The provider may increase the clindamycin dose to treat this infection.
b. This is a known side effect of clindamycin, and the patient should consume extra
fluids.
c. The patient should stop taking the clindamycin now and contact the provider
immediately. The patient should try taking Lomotil or a bulk laxative to minimize the
diarrheal symptoms.
c. The patient should stop taking the clindamycin now and contact the provider
*could indicate pseudomembranous colitis
2. Which side effect of clindamycin (Cleocin) causes the most concern and may warrant
discontinuation of the drug?
a. Diarrhea
b. Headache
c. Nausea
d. Vomiting
a. Diarrhea
*could indicate pseudomembranous colitis
3. A patient develops Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Which antibiotic
is recommended for treating this infection?
a. Chloramphenicol
b. Clindamycin (Cleocin)
c. Linezolid (Zyvox)
d. Vancomycin
d. Vancomycin
4 A patient will be discharged from the hospital with a prescription for TMP/SMZ
(Bactrim). When providing teaching for this patient, the nurse will tell the patient that it
will be important to:
,a. drink 8 to 10 glasses of water each day.
b. eat foods that are high in potassium.
c. take the medication with food.
d. take folic acid supplements.
a. drink 8 to 10 glasses of water each day.
*Adequate fluid intake helps prevent the formation of crystalluria crystals and reduces
the risk of kidney complications.
5. A nurse is discussing microbial resistance among sulfonamides and trimethoprim with
a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further
teaching?
a. "Bacterial resistance to trimethoprim is relatively uncommon."
b. "Resistance among gonococci, streptococci, and meningococci to sulfonamides is
high."
c. "Resistance to both agents can occur by spontaneous mutation of organisms."
d. "Resistance to sulfonamides is less than resistance to trimethoprim."
d. "Resistance to sulfonamides is less than resistance to trimethoprim."
*The correct statement should be that resistance to trimethoprim is less common than
resistance to sulfonamides.
6. A patient with bronchitis is taking TMP/SMZ, 106/80 mg orally, twice daily. Before
administering the third dose, the nurse notes that the patient has a widespread rash, a
temperature of 103° F, and a heart rate of 100 beats per minute. The patient looks ill
and reports not feeling well. What will the nurse do?
a. Administer the dose and request an order for an antipyretic medication.
b. Withhold the dose and request an order for an antihistamine to treat the rash.
c. Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms.
d. Request an order for intravenous TMP/SMZ, because the patient is getting worse.
c. Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms.
*patient is exhibiting signs of a severe reaction, potentially indicating an allergic reaction
or a serious adverse effect (needs epi not antihistamine)
7. Which statement is correct about the contrast between a carbose and miglitol?
a. Miglitol has not been associated with hepatic dysfunction.
b. With miglitol, sucrose can be used to treat hypoglycemia.
c. Miglitol is less effective in African Americans.
d. Miglitol has no gastrointestinal side effects.
a. Miglitol has not been associated with hepatic dysfunction.
, *key difference is that acarbose has been associated with rare cases of hepatic
dysfunction
8. A nurse counsels a patient with diabetes who is starting therapy with an alpha-
glucosidase inhibitor. The patient should be educated about the potential for which
adverse reactions? (Select all that apply.)
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Flatulence
c. Elevated iron levels in the blood
d. Fluid retention
e. Diarrhea
b. Flatulence
e. Diarrhea
*due to build up of gasses (flatulence) from to undigested carbohydrates reaching the
colon and causing an osmotic effect (diarrhea)
9. The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
The patient tells the nurse she does not want to take medications while she is pregnant.
What will the nurse explain to this patient?
a. Hypothyroidism is a normal effect of pregnancy and usually is of no consequence.
b. Neuropsychologic deficits in the fetus can occur if the condition is not treated.
c. No danger to the fetus exists until the third trimester.
d. Treatment is required only if the patient is experiencing symptoms.
b. Neuropsychologic deficits in the fetus can occur if the condition is not treated.
*Thyroid hormones are crucial for the normal development of the fetal brain and
nervous system and must be treated in pregnancy.
10. A nurse is teaching a patient who has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism about
levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further
teaching?
a. "I should not take heartburn medication without consulting my provider."
b. "I should report insomnia, tremors, and an increased heart rate to my provider." c. "If I
take a multivitamin with iron, I should take it 4 hours after the Synthroid."
d."If I take calcium supplements, I may need to decrease my dose of Synthroid."
d."If I take calcium supplements, I may need to decrease my dose of Synthroid."
*this statement is incorrect since calcium interferes with the absorption of Synthroid, it
may need to be increased not decreased.
EXAM 2026) | QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
GRADED A+ | 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. A patient recently began receiving clindamycin (Cleocin) to treat an infection. After 8
days of treatment, the patient reports having 10 to 15 watery stools per day. What will
the nurse tell this patient?
a. The provider may increase the clindamycin dose to treat this infection.
b. This is a known side effect of clindamycin, and the patient should consume extra
fluids.
c. The patient should stop taking the clindamycin now and contact the provider
immediately. The patient should try taking Lomotil or a bulk laxative to minimize the
diarrheal symptoms.
c. The patient should stop taking the clindamycin now and contact the provider
*could indicate pseudomembranous colitis
2. Which side effect of clindamycin (Cleocin) causes the most concern and may warrant
discontinuation of the drug?
a. Diarrhea
b. Headache
c. Nausea
d. Vomiting
a. Diarrhea
*could indicate pseudomembranous colitis
3. A patient develops Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Which antibiotic
is recommended for treating this infection?
a. Chloramphenicol
b. Clindamycin (Cleocin)
c. Linezolid (Zyvox)
d. Vancomycin
d. Vancomycin
4 A patient will be discharged from the hospital with a prescription for TMP/SMZ
(Bactrim). When providing teaching for this patient, the nurse will tell the patient that it
will be important to:
,a. drink 8 to 10 glasses of water each day.
b. eat foods that are high in potassium.
c. take the medication with food.
d. take folic acid supplements.
a. drink 8 to 10 glasses of water each day.
*Adequate fluid intake helps prevent the formation of crystalluria crystals and reduces
the risk of kidney complications.
5. A nurse is discussing microbial resistance among sulfonamides and trimethoprim with
a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further
teaching?
a. "Bacterial resistance to trimethoprim is relatively uncommon."
b. "Resistance among gonococci, streptococci, and meningococci to sulfonamides is
high."
c. "Resistance to both agents can occur by spontaneous mutation of organisms."
d. "Resistance to sulfonamides is less than resistance to trimethoprim."
d. "Resistance to sulfonamides is less than resistance to trimethoprim."
*The correct statement should be that resistance to trimethoprim is less common than
resistance to sulfonamides.
6. A patient with bronchitis is taking TMP/SMZ, 106/80 mg orally, twice daily. Before
administering the third dose, the nurse notes that the patient has a widespread rash, a
temperature of 103° F, and a heart rate of 100 beats per minute. The patient looks ill
and reports not feeling well. What will the nurse do?
a. Administer the dose and request an order for an antipyretic medication.
b. Withhold the dose and request an order for an antihistamine to treat the rash.
c. Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms.
d. Request an order for intravenous TMP/SMZ, because the patient is getting worse.
c. Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms.
*patient is exhibiting signs of a severe reaction, potentially indicating an allergic reaction
or a serious adverse effect (needs epi not antihistamine)
7. Which statement is correct about the contrast between a carbose and miglitol?
a. Miglitol has not been associated with hepatic dysfunction.
b. With miglitol, sucrose can be used to treat hypoglycemia.
c. Miglitol is less effective in African Americans.
d. Miglitol has no gastrointestinal side effects.
a. Miglitol has not been associated with hepatic dysfunction.
, *key difference is that acarbose has been associated with rare cases of hepatic
dysfunction
8. A nurse counsels a patient with diabetes who is starting therapy with an alpha-
glucosidase inhibitor. The patient should be educated about the potential for which
adverse reactions? (Select all that apply.)
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Flatulence
c. Elevated iron levels in the blood
d. Fluid retention
e. Diarrhea
b. Flatulence
e. Diarrhea
*due to build up of gasses (flatulence) from to undigested carbohydrates reaching the
colon and causing an osmotic effect (diarrhea)
9. The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient recently diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
The patient tells the nurse she does not want to take medications while she is pregnant.
What will the nurse explain to this patient?
a. Hypothyroidism is a normal effect of pregnancy and usually is of no consequence.
b. Neuropsychologic deficits in the fetus can occur if the condition is not treated.
c. No danger to the fetus exists until the third trimester.
d. Treatment is required only if the patient is experiencing symptoms.
b. Neuropsychologic deficits in the fetus can occur if the condition is not treated.
*Thyroid hormones are crucial for the normal development of the fetal brain and
nervous system and must be treated in pregnancy.
10. A nurse is teaching a patient who has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism about
levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further
teaching?
a. "I should not take heartburn medication without consulting my provider."
b. "I should report insomnia, tremors, and an increased heart rate to my provider." c. "If I
take a multivitamin with iron, I should take it 4 hours after the Synthroid."
d."If I take calcium supplements, I may need to decrease my dose of Synthroid."
d."If I take calcium supplements, I may need to decrease my dose of Synthroid."
*this statement is incorrect since calcium interferes with the absorption of Synthroid, it
may need to be increased not decreased.
