Test Bank: Kuby Immunology (8th Edition) by Punt, Stranford, Jones, Owen – COVID-19 Digital Update (Chapters 1–20 + Experimental Systems

, (KubyVImmunologyVCovid-
19VDigitalVUpdate,V8eVJenniVPunt,VSharonVStranford,VPatriciaVJones,VJudyVOwen)V(TestVBankVLatestV
ditionV2023-24,VGradeVA+,V100%VVerified)

ChapterV01
1. TwoVofVtheVmain,VearlyVtheoriesVproposedVtoVexplainVhowVantigen-
specificVantibodiesVdevelopVwereVtheVinstructionalVtheoryVandVtheVselectiveVtheory.VHowVdidVtheVt
woVdiffer?VWhichVwasVultimatelyVshownVtoVbeVCORRECT?
ANSWER:V TheVselectiveVtheoryVsaysVthat,VwhenVanVantigenVreceptorVbindsVwithVanVantigen,VtheVcellVbec
omesVactivatedV(orVtheVcellVisVselectedVtoVproliferateVandVsecreteVmoreVcopiesVofVtheVreceptor)
.VTheVinstructionalVtheoryVsaysVthatVtheVantigenVreceptorVmoldsVitselfVtoVtheVantigen.VTheVsele
ctiveVtheoryVwasVshownVtoVbeVcorrect.

2. Often,VserendipityVplaysVaVroleVinVsignificantVscientificVdiscoveries.VInVyourVownVwords,Vexpl
ainVhowVserendipityVledVPasteurVtoVdiscoverVaVcholeraVvaccine.
ANSWER:V PasteurVdevelopedVtheVvaccineVinVchickens,VwhichVwereVinVshortVsupply.VHeVchallengedVgroup
sVofVchickensVwithVcholeraVbacteria—
someVofVwhichVwereVpreviouslyVexposedVtoVanVattenuatedVversionVofVcholeraVbacteria.VOnlyVth
eVpreviouslyVexposedVanimalsVwereVprotectedVfromVaVnewVchallenge,VwhichVledVtoVtheVuseVof
VweakenedVpathogensVasVvaccines.


3. DespiteVitsVhavingVbeenVeradicatedVonVaVglobalVscale,VsmallpoxVisVpresentlyVconsideredVaVpotentialVbiot
errorismVthreat.VWhy?VUseVevidenceVtoVsupportVyourVanswer.
ANSWER:V AfterVeradicationVwasVachieved,VsmallpoxVvaccinationVprogramsVlargelyVended.VAsVpopulation
sVcontinuedVtoVgrowVoverVtime,VanVever-
increasingVpercentageVofVtheVhumanVpopulationVremainsVunvaccinatedVandVthus,VisVstillVsusce
ptibleVtoVtheVdisease.

4. PriorVtoV1999,VitVwasVclaimedVthatVaVthimerosalVadditiveVinVvaccinesVwasVcontributingVtoVtheVrisingVin
cidenceVofVautism.VIfVtheVclaimsVwereVtrue,VwhatVresultantVtrendVmightVyouVexpectVtoVobserveVinVtheVrat
eVofVautismVonceVthimerosalVwasVremovedVfromVvaccines?
ANSWER:V OneVwouldVreasonablyVexpectVaVdecreaseVinVtheVrateVofVautism.VHowever,VcasesVofVautismVco
ntinuedVtoVriseVafterVthimerosalVwasVremovedVfromVvaccinesVinV2001.

5. GivenVtheVdiscoveryVandVdevelopmentVofVeffectiveVantibiotics,VmakeVanVargumentVforVtheVcontinue
dVuseVofVvaccinesVagainstVbacterialVpathogens.VUseVevidenceVtoVsupportVyourVanswer.
ANSWER:V AntibioticsVareVusedVforVtreatmentVofVdisease,VnotVtypicallyVforVprevention.VAntibioticVtreatmen
tVisVnotVfoolproofV(consideringVtheVrisingVincidenceVofVantibioticVresistance).VVaccinesVareVaVp
reventativeVmeasure,VandVpreventionVisVtheVgoldVstandardVforVinfectiousVdiseaseVcontrolVmeasu
res.

6. YouVhaveVaVfriendVunfamiliarVwithVimmunology,VandVheVasksVyouVtheVfollowingVquestion:V"WhyVdoVI
VneedVtheVfluVshotVeveryVyear,VbutVdon'tVneedVanVannualVchickenpoxVvaccine?"VAsVaVstudentVofVimmun
ology,VhowVwouldVyouVexplainVthisVdiscrepancyVtoVyourVfriend?VUseVevidenceVtoVsupportVyourVanswer.
ANSWER:V TheVvirusVthatVcausesVtheVfluVchangesVeveryVyearV-
VasVaVresult,VaVnewVfluVvaccineVmustVbeVpreparedVeachVyearVbasedVonVaVpredicationVofVtheVm
ostVcommonVformsVofVtheVvirusVlikelyVtoVbeVencountered.VVaccinesVareVspecificVinVtheVtypeVo
fVpathogenVagainstVwhichVtheyVprotect,VandVprotectionVagainstVoneVtypeVdoesVnotVguaranteeVpr
otectionVagainstVpathogensVthatVareVclosely-related.

,7. ProvideVoneVbenefitVandVoneVdrawbackVofVgeneratingVrandomVrecognitionVreceptorsVduringVtheVdevelop
mentVofVBVcells.
ANSWER:V AVbenefitVisVhavingVtheVcapacityVtoVrecognizeVandVrespondVtoVdiverseVpathogensVasVtheyVevol
ve.VAVdrawbackVisVthatVsomeVrecognitionVreceptorsVcouldVpotentiallyVrecognizeVandVtargetVhos
tVantigens.

, Name: Class: Date:

ChapterV0
1
8. AVportionVofVourVimmuneVsystems'VwhiteVbloodVcellsVisVconstantlyVcirculatingVthroughoutVtheV
bodyVviaVcirculationVandVlymphatics.VWhatVisVtheVbenefitVofVsuchVcirculation?
ANSWER:V TheVcirculationVofVtheVwhiteVbloodVcellsVallowsVforVaVmoreVcomprehensiveVsurveillanceVofVth
eVbodyVforVtheVpresenceVofVpotentialVpathogens.VAVsignificantVportionVofVtheVhumanVbodyVis
VconstantlyVexposedVtoVpotentialVmicrobialVpathogens.


9. CompleteVtheVfollowingVtableVbyVcomparingVandVcontrastingVinnateVandVadaptiveVimmuneVresponses.

InnateV Adaptive
Immunity VImmunit
y
IsVmediatedVbyVwhatVcells
?
WhatVdoVtheyVrecognize?
HowVareVtheVreceptorsV
encoded?
WhyVcan'tVtheyVcontrolVa
llVinfectionsValone?
WhatVdoVtheyVdoV
inVresponseVtoVanti
gen?

ANSWER: Adaptive
InnateVImmunity
VImmunit
y
Macrophages,VNKVc
IsVmediatedVby TVcellsVandV
ells,Vneutrophils,Vma
VwhatVcells? BVcells
stVcellsVeosinophils
WhatVdoVtheyV Specific
PathogenVpatterns
recognize? Vepitop
es
HowVareVtheV
RearrangedV
receptorsVen GermVline
geneVsegment
coded?
s
WhyVcan'tVthey
PathogensVevolveVe TakesVtooVlong
VcontrolVallVinf
scapeVmechanisms VtoVdevelop
ectionsValone?
WhatVdoVtheyVd ProduceVantib
EngulfVandVdestroy,
oVinVresponseVto odies,VkillVinf
VinduceVinflammatio
Vantigen? ectedVcells
n
10. WhatVareVtheVhallmarksVofVinflammation? VDescribeVtheVphysicalVcharacteristicsVofVsomeoneVexperien
cingVanVinflammatoryVresponse.
ANSWER:V Redness,Vswelling,Vheat,Vpain.VSomeoneVexperiencingVinflammationVmightVhaveVlocalizedVswell
ingVandVrednessVorVitchingVorVmayVbeVexperiencingVfaintnessVdueVtoVaVloweringVofVbloodVpres