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Nurs 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam and Midterm Pack Bundle with Accurate Solutions available

What is the primary functional unit of the liver? - ANSLiver lobule True or False? Cirrhosis causes hypoglycemia? - ANSTrue What is the first stage of Alcoholic Liver Disease? - ANSFatty liver "Steatosis" (reversible) What is the second stage of Alcoholic Liver Disease? - ANSAlcoholic hepatitis (reversible) What is the third stage of Alcoholic Liver Disease? - ANSCirrhosis (Irreversible) What are three nutritional deficiencies in Alcoholic Liver Disease? - ANSThiamine, Fol...

Epigenetics Role of Human Development - ANSheritable changes in gene expression or phenotype which is caused by mechanisms other than changes in DNA sequences. -the modification determines the fate of each cell. -DNA sequence remains the same, the transcriptional activity of most genes varies. Prader-Willi Syndrome - ANSInherited 4-Mb deletion chromosome 15 from FATHER. Features include: -short stature -hypotonia (decreased muscle tone) -small hands/feet -obesity -mild-moderate re...

Hypoxia - ANSWhat is the number one cause of Cell Injury? Ischemia - ANSWhat is the "initial insult" resulting in Hypoxia? Ischemia - ANSCondition characterized by decreased blood flow to the cells Anoxia - ANSCondition characterized by a total lack of Oxygen reaching the cells 1. Decrease of ATP -Leads to: +Failure of the Na+/K+ pump +Failure of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 2. Cellular Swelling 3. damage to the mitochondria & cell walls 4. cell lyses - ANSWhat are the cell...

What are the properties of a eukaryotic cell - ANS• Well define nucleus. • cells are larger and have more extensive intracellular anatomy and organization than do prokaryotes. • cells bind with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and are involved in the super coiling of DNA. • cells have several chromosomes, protein production or synthesis . it consists of three components: outer membrane called plasma membrane, a fluid filling called cytoplasm, and the intra cellular organs or organelles...

Orifice of ureter into the bladder [Problems associated with) - ANS- Frequent site for bacteria to enter - Blocking of this site can cause reflux to the kidneys ^^^ Both of these can cause Pyelonephritis -Not good emptying leading to reflux of urine Prostate and urethra - ANS- Prostates COMPLETELY encircles the urethra Main function of the Glomerulus - ANS- Filter blood Order of blood through the kidneys - ANS1) Glomerulus [Bowman's Capsule) 2) Proximal Tubule 3) Loop of Henl...

Cellular Physiology - Prokaryotes - ANS• Prokaryotes [only cells for 3 billion years] • single cell organism • Cyanobacteria [blue-green algae] • Bacteria • Rickettsia • [Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever] • Bound by cellular membrane that carries out all activities • Single circular chromosome for genetic information Eukaryotes - ANSeu = good karyo = nucleus [large) -complex intracellular anatomy -organelles = membrane bound compartments of specialized function within t...

Lambert-Eaton Syndrome - ANSA syndrome caused by autoantibodies that inhibit the function of presynaptic calcium channels, leading to decreased release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft Lambert-Eaton - Clinical Manifestations - ANS*Strong link to lung cancer *Muscle weakness that IMPROVES with repetitive stimulation *Do not respond to cholinesterase inhibitors Spinal cord trauma - patho - ANS*Microscopic hemorrhages in central grey matter *Axonal edema in white matter --...

Apoptosis - ANSA form of programmed cell death that eliminates senescent cells, DNA,, and damage or unwanted cells. Neoplastic cells do not die off (apoptosis) to keep the number of total cells constant. - ANS Labile Cell - ANSContinuously dividing tissues are those in which cells continue to divide and replicate throughout our life, replacing cells that are continually being destroyed. They include the surface epithelial cells of the skin, oral cavity, vagina, and cervix; the columnar ...

What is the difference between delirium and dementia? - ANS-Dementia is a slow onset that eventually leads to death. -Delirium has an identifiable cause, is rapid, and fluctuating symptoms Delirium is best defined as a change/disturbance in? - ANSConsciousness and Cognition What age group is effected by delirium? - ANSAll age groups can be What are the 6 cognitive domains? - ANSComplex attention Executive function Learning and memory Language Perceptual-motor Social cognition ...