,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 6th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
Chapter 13. Airway Management
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
Chapter 27. Asthma
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Chapter 30. Shock
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 6th Edition Test Bank (2020)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
of a capillary network around airway passages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular ch
annels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pa
ssages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system deve
lops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes
place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later
become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stag
e is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
REF: pp. 3-5
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, byapproximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
fh
be present in the lungs for life develop?
a. 6 months
b. 1 year
c. 1.5 years
d. 2 years
ANS: C
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantiallyamong individuals. After 2 years
of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alve
oli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
REF: p. 6
3. The respiratorytherapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
s. Pulmonaryhypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnorm
ally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop duri
ng the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematu
rely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airway
s, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives
rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
REF: p. 6
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
fh
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall
III. Interference with fetal breathing
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
a. I and III only
b. II and III only fh
c. I, II, and IV only
d. II, III, and IV only
ANS: D
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time,
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by wh
ich amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for red
uced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference
with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental o
bservations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth s
timulant.
REF: pp. 6-7
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted bythe type II pneumocyte?
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
fh
b. To reduce surface tension
fh
c. To maintain lung elasticity
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
fh
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
Chapter 13. Airway Management
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
Chapter 27. Asthma
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Chapter 30. Shock
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 6th Edition Test Bank (2020)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
of a capillary network around airway passages?
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 we
eks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular ch
annels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air pa
ssages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of
gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system deve
lops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes
place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later
become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stag
e is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
REF: pp. 3-5
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, byapproximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
fh
be present in the lungs for life develop?
a. 6 months
b. 1 year
c. 1.5 years
d. 2 years
ANS: C
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantiallyamong individuals. After 2 years
of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alve
oli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
REF: p. 6
3. The respiratorytherapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in de
velopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosi
s. Pulmonaryhypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnorm
ally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop duri
ng the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematu
rely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airway
s, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives
rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
REF: p. 6
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
fh
oligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia?
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall
III. Interference with fetal breathing
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid
a. I and III only
b. II and III only fh
c. I, II, and IV only
d. II, III, and IV only
ANS: D
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time,
with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by wh
ich amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for red
uced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference
with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental o
bservations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth s
timulant.
REF: pp. 6-7
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted bythe type II pneumocyte?
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
fh
b. To reduce surface tension
fh
c. To maintain lung elasticity
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
fh
