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If a drug is formulated in a solution, sus-
pension and a tablet, which would have
the best chemical stability?
tablet
-solution
-suspension
-tablets
What are the two most common oral sol-
tablets and capsules
id dosage forms?
-Optimize the absorption rate of the drug
-Increase the ease of administration by
the patient
solid dosage forms are designed to do -Control the rate and site of drug absorp-
what five things? tion
-Mask the taste of a therapeutic agent
-Improve the chemical stability of the
drug
list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
the following route of administration: tablets, capsules, poder, granules
Oral
list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
buccal, sublingual tabs, films, troches,
the following route of administration:
lozenges
transmucosal
list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
the following route of administration: nasal powder
nasal
list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
the following route of administration: suppositories
rectal
list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
the following route of administration: vag tabs, suppositories, inserts
vaginal
list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
the following route of administration: urethral suppositoreis, mciropellets
urethral
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list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
the following route of administration: dry podwer inhalers, caps, powder
inhalation
list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
the following route of administration: dusting poders
dermal
list the types of solid dosage form(s)
for the following route of administration: nasal dry powders
nasal
list the types of solid dosage form(s) for
the following route of administration: devices
implants
-increased chemical and physical stabil-
ity (solid dosage forms have the longest
shelf life)
-less prone to microbial contamination
-ease of packaging, storage, and dis-
What are the advantages of solid dosage
pensing
forms?
-convenience and accurate dosing
-little or no taste or smell of the drug
(masking)
-can be modified for modified/controlled
drug release
-solubility (drug must dissolve from the
solid dosage from)
-not suitable for some patients (pediatric
and geriatric, patients who have difficulty
swallowing - dysphagia)
-solid dosage forms (as is) are not suit-
four Limitations of solid dosage forms
able for some routes of administration
(injectable (IV), transdermal, ophthalmic,
otic)
-some drug lose their activity in solid
form (therapeutic proteins and several
biological products)
Drug particles in some solid products are
often "micronized." This process increas-
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es the?
a) solubility of the drug
b) particle size of the drug c) dissolution rate of the drug
c) dissolution rate of the drug
d) shelf life of the drug product
-purity (efficacy and safety)
-organoleptic properties (color, odor, and
taste)
-the presence of polymorphs (crystal
forms)
-surface properties (wettability)
What are the five solid state properties?
-particle size and size distribution
(monodisperse vs polydisperse). This af-
fects the surface area, surface ener-
gy, hygroscopicity, flow properties, bulk,
tapped density, and compression proper-
ties
amorphous - faster dissolution rate, high-
er solubility
Differences between crystalline and crystalline - chemically more stable
amorphous crystal forms? crystalline is chemically more stable, but
amorphous has a faster dissolution rate
and higher solubility
crystalline has large peaces, while amor-
Explain the differences in X-ray diffrac-
phous has mores of a curve with small
tion in crystalline and amorphous forms
peaks
what is the function of a wetting agent in
solid dosage forms?
a) increase the diffusion rate of the drug
b) increase the solubility of the drug d) increase contact between drug parti-
c) increase the concentration gradient of cles and liquid
the drug
d) Increase contact between drug parti-
cles and liquid
what is a contact angle used to mea-
the wet ability of a solid
sure?
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characteristics of contact angle greater
hydrophobic surface, poor wetting
than 90 degrees
characteristics of a contact angle less
hydrophillic surface, good wetting
than 90 degrees
a hygroscopic drug is one that:
1) dose not dissolve in wate
2) hydrolyses rapidly in water c) adsorbs moisture from the environ-
3) adsorbs moisture from the environ- ment
ment
4) is prone to microbial growth
the property of a material that takes
moisture out of the air/ ability of a sub- hygroscopicity
stance to absorb moisture
-stability issues
-physical changes
What problems of a drug are due to hy-
-dosing accuracy
groscopicity?
-microbial growth
-packing challenges
-moisture-resistance excipients
-incorporate desiccants or moisture bar-
What are some methods to prevent prob- riers
lem due to hygroscopicity? -appropriate packaging materials
-implement appropriate storage and han-
dling practice
diameter of equivalent sphere- assigned
to an irregular particle is that same as
How are particles in drugs measured? that of a sphere that behaves identical-
ly when both are exposed to the same
process
equivalent spherical diameter:
sphere of same minimum length
dmin
equivalent spherical diameter:
sphere of same weight
dw
equivalent spherical diameter:
sphere of same volume
dv