TEST BANK PORTH\'S ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5TH EDITION BY TOMMIE L NORRIS
CHAPTER 1-52 |COMPLETE GUIDE NEWEST VERSION 2023
,CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1- CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE ................................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2- CELL AND TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................... 16
CHAPTER 3- CELLULAR ADAPTATION, INJURY, AND DEATH................................................ 29
CHAPTER 4- GENETIC CONTROL OF CELL FUNCTION AND INHERITANCE ............................. 41
CHAPTER 5- GENETIC AND CONGENITAL DISORDERS ......................................................... 53
CHAPTER 6- NEOPLASIA .................................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER 7- STRESS AND ADAPTATION ............................................................................. 78
CHAPTER 8- DISORDERS OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID BASE BALANCE ............... 91
CHAPTER 9- INFLAMMATION, TISSUE REPAIR, AND WOUND HEALING ............................. 116
CHAPTER 10- MECHANISMS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE ....................................................... 140
CHAPTER 11- INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY............................................................. 152
CHAPTER 12- DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE ..................................................... 165
CHAPTER 13- ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF NEURAL FUNCTION ............................... 191
CHAPTER 14- SOMATOSENSORY FUNCTION, PAIN, AND TEMPERATURE ........................... 205
CHAPTER 15- DISORDERS OF MOTOR FUNCTION .............................................................. 219
CHAPTER 16- DISORDERS OF BRAIN FUNCTION ................................................................ 231
CHAPTER 17-SLEEP AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES ................................................................ 245
CHAPTER 18- DISORDERS OF THOUGHT, EMOTION, AND MEMORY .................................. 258
CHAPTER 19- DISORDERS OF VISUAL FUNCTION ............................................................... 271
CHAPTER 20- DISORDERS OF HEARING AND VESTIBULAR FUNCTION ................................ 284
CHAPTER 21- BLOOD CELLS AND THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ....................................... 297
CHAPTER 22- DISORDERS OF HEMOSTASIS ....................................................................... 309
CHAPTER 23- DISORDERS OF RED BLOOD CELLS ............................................................... 322
CHAPTER 24- DISORDERS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND LYMPHOID TISSUES ..................... 335
CHAPTER 25- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ................. 348
CHAPTER 26- DISORDERS OF BLOOD FLOW ...................................................................... 361
CHAPTER 27- DISORDERS OF CARDIAC FUNCTION ............................................................ 386
CHAPTER 28 DISORDERS OF CARDIAC CONDUCTION AND RHYTHM.................................. 414
CHAPTER 29- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ........................ 429
, CHAPTER 30- RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AND NEOPLASMS ................................... 453
CHAPTER 31- DISORDERS OF VENTILATION AND GAS EXCHANGE ..................................... 465
CHAPTER 32- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY ............................................... 478
CHAPTER 33- DISORDERS OF RENAL FUNCTION ................................................................ 490
CHAPTER 34- ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ............................... 504
CHAPTER 35- DISORDERS OF THE BLADDER AND LOWER URINARY TRACT ........................ 516
CHAPTER 36- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM ............... 530
CHAPTER 37- DISORDERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION ........................................... 543
CHAPTER 38- DISORDERS OF HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREAS FUNCTION ........................ 558
CHAPTER 39- ALTERATIONS IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS ...................................................... 572
CHAPTER 40- MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINE CONTROL ..................................................... 585
CHAPTER 41-DISORDERS OF ENDOCRINE CONTROL .......................................................... 597
CHAPTER 42- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ............ 611
CHAPTER 43- DISORDERS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ..................................... 623
CHAPTER 44- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM......... 637
CHAPTER 45- DISORDERS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .................................. 650
CHAPTER 46- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ......................................................... 663
CHAPTER 47- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ............... 676
CHAPTER 48- DISORDERS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION: TRAUMA, INFECTION, NEOPLASMS
....................................................................................................................................... 687
CHAPTER 49- DISORDERS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION: DEVELOPMENTAL AND....... 701
CHAPTER 50- DISORDERS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION: RHEUMATIC DISORDERS .... 713
CHAPTER 51- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN.................................................... 727
CHAPTER 52- DISORDERS OF SKIN INTEGRITY AND FUNCTION .......................................... 739
CHAPTER 1- CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
,1. AT AN INTERNATIONAL NURSING CONFERENCE, MANY
,DISCUSSIONS AND BREAKOUT SESSIONS FOCUSED
ON THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
VIEWS ON HEALTH. OF THE FOLLOWING COMMENTS
MADE BY NURSES DURING A DISCUSSION SESSION,
WHICH STATEMENTS WOULD BE CONSIDERED A
GOOD REPRESENTATION OF THE WHO DEFINITION?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
A) INTERESTS IN KEEPING THE ELDERLY
POPULATION ENGAGED IN SUCH ACTIVITIES
AS BOOK REVIEWS AND WORD GAMES
DURING SOCIAL TIME
B)
INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CHAIR AEROBICS
CLASSES PROVIDED IN THE SKILLED CARE FACILITIES
C)
INTERVENTIONS GEARED TOWARD KEEPING THE
ELDERLY POPULATION DIAGNOSED WITH
DIABETES MELLITUS UNDER TIGHT BLOOD
GLUCOSE CONTROL BY PROVIDING
IN-HOME
COOKINGCLASSES D)
PROVIDING TRANSPORTATION FOR RENAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS TO AND FROM THEIR HAEMODIALYSIS
SESSIONS
E) PROVIDING HANDWASHING TEACHING SESSIONS TO A GROUP OF YOUNG
CHILDREN ANS:A, B, C, E
FEEDBACK:
THE WHO DEFINITION OF HEALTH IS DEFINED AS “A STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL,
MENTAL, AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE AND
INFIRMITY.” ENGAGING IN BOOK REVIEWS FACILITATES MENTAL AND SOCIAL WELL-
BEING; CHAIR AEROBICS HELPS FACILITATE PHYSICAL WELL-BEING; AND ASSISTING
,WITH TIGHT CONTROL OF DIABETES HELPS WITH FACILITATING PHYSICAL WELL-BEING
EVEN THOUGH THE PERSON HAS A CHRONIC DISEASE. HANDWASHING IS VITAL
,IN THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND SPREAD OF GERMS.
2. A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IS TEACHING A GROUP OF RECENT GRADUATES
ABOUT THE LARGE VARIETY OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AN INDIVIDUAL'S HEALTH
OR LACK THEREOF. THE NURSE IS REFERRING TO THE HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
REPORT FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AS A
TEACHING EXAMPLE. OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS DISCUSSED, WHICH WOULD BE
CONSIDERED A DETERMINANT OF HEALTH THAT IS OUTSIDE THE FOCUS OF THIS
REPORT?
A) THE CLIENT HAS A DIVERSE BACKGROUND BY BEING OF ASIAN AND NATIVE
AMERICAN DESCENT AND PRACTICES VARIOUS ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES TO
MINIMIZE EFFECTS OF STRESS.
B) THE CLIENT HAS A FAMILY HISTORY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
RELATED TO HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND REMAINS NONCOMPLIANT
WITH THE TREATMENT REGIME.
C) THE CLIENT HAS A GOOD CAREER WITH EXCEPTIONAL PREVENTATIVE HEALTH CARE BENEFITS.
D) THE CLIENT LIVES IN AN AFFLUENT, CLEAN, SUBURBAN COMMUNITY WITH
ACCESS TO MANY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES.
ANS:B
FEEDBACK:
IN HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020, THE FOCUS IS TO PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH TO ALL (SUCH AS
USING ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES TO MINIMIZE EFFECTS OF STRESS); ACHIEVING HEALTH
EQUITY AND PROMOTING HEALTH FOR ALL (WHICH INCLUDES HAVING GOOD HEALTH
CARE BENEFITS); AND PROMOTING GOOD HEALTH (WHICH INCLUDES LIVING IN A CLEAN
COMMUNITY WITH GOOD ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE). A CLIENT'S NONCOMPLIANCE
WITH TREATMENTS TO CONTROL HIGH CHOLESTEROL LEVELS WITHIN THE PRESENCE OF
A FAMILY HISTORY OF CV DISEASE DOES NOT MEET THE “ATTAINING LIVES FREE OF
PREVENTABLE DISEASE AND PREMATURE DEATH” DETERMINANT.
STUVIA.COM - THE MARKETPLACE TO BUY AND SELL YOUR STUDY MATERIAL
,3. A PHYSICIAN IS PROVIDING CARE FOR A NUMBER OF PATIENTS ON A MEDICAL
UNIT OF A LARGE, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. THE PHYSICIAN IS DISCUSSING WITH A
COLLEAGUE THE DIFFERENTIATION
,BETWEEN DISEASES THAT ARE CAUSED BY ABNORMAL MOLECULES AND DISEASES THAT
CAUSE DISEASE. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PATIENTS MOST CLEARLY DEMONSTRATES
THE CONSEQUENCES OF MOLECULES THAT CAUSE DISEASE?
A) A 31-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA WHO IS RECEIVING A
TRANSFUSION OF PACKED RED BLOOD CELLS
B) A 91-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WHO HAS EXPERIENCED AN ISCHEMIC STROKE
RESULTING FROM FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
C) A 19-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH EXACERBATION OF HIS CYSTIC FIBROSIS
REQUIRING OXYGEN THERAPY AND CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY
D) A 30-YEAR-OLD HOMELESS MAN WHO HAS PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII
PNEUMONIA (PCP) AND IS HIV POSITIVE.
ANS:D
FEEDBACK:
PCP IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE EFFECT OF A MOLECULE THAT DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTES TO
DISEASE. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, AND CYSTIC
FIBROSIS ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF THE EFFECTS OF ABNORMAL MOLECULES.
4. A MEMBER OF THE HEALTH CARE TEAM IS RESEARCHING THE ETIOLOGY AND
PATHOGENESIS OF A NUMBER OF CLIENTS WHO ARE UNDER HIS CARE IN A HOSPITAL
CONTEXT. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF CLIENTS' SITUATIONS BNESUT
CHARACTERIZES PATHOGENESES RATHER THAN ETIOLOGY?
A) A CLIENT WHO HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO THE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS BACTERIUM
B) A CLIENT WHO HAS INCREASING SERUM AMMONIA LEVELS DUE TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS
C) A CLIENT WHO WAS ADMITTED WITH THE EFFECTS OF METHYL ALCOHOL POISONING
D) A CLIENT WITH MULTIPLE SKELETAL INJURIES SECONDARY TO A MOTOR
VEHICLE ACCIDENT ANS:B
FEEDBACK:
PATHOGENESIS REFERS TO THE PROGRESSIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY COURSE OF
DISEASE, SUCH AS THE INCREASING AMMONIA LEVELS THAT ACCOMPANY LIVER
DISEASE. BACTERIA, POISONS, AND TRAUMATIC INJURIES ARE EXAMPLES OF
ETIOLOGIC FACTORS.
, 5. A NEW MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENT REQUIRING ANGIOPLASTY AND STENT
PLACEMENT HAS ARRIVED TO HIS FIRST CARDIAC REHABILITATION APPOINTMENT.
IN THIS FIRST SESSION, A REVIEW OF
THE PATHOGENESIS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IS ADDRESSED. WHICH STATEMENT
BY THE PATIENT VERIFIES TO THE NURSE THAT HE HAS UNDERSTOOD THE NURSE'S
TEACHINGS ABOUT CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE?
A) “ALL I HAVE TO DO IS STOP SMOKING, AND THEN I WON'T HAVE ANY MORE HEART ATTACKS.”
B) “MY ARTERY WAS CLOGGED BY FAT, SO I WILL NEED TO STOP EATING
FATTY FOODS LIKE FRENCH FRIES EVERY DAY.”
C) “SOUNDS LIKE THIS BEGAN BECAUSE OF INFLAMMATION INSIDE MY ARTERY THAT MADE IT
EASY TO FORM FATTY STREAKS, WHICH LEAD TO MY CLOGGED ARTERY.”
D) “IF I DO NOT EXERCISE REGULARLY TO GET MY HEART RATE UP, BLOOD
POOLS IN THE VEINS CAUSING A CLOT THAT STOPS BLOOD FLOW TO THE
MUSCLE, AND I WILL HAVE A HEART ATTACK.” ANS:C
FEEDBACK:
THE TRUE ETIOLOGY/CAUSE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) IS UNKNOWN;
HOWEVER, THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISORDER RELATES TO THE PROGRESSION OF
THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS FROM A FATTY STREAK TO THE OCCLUSIVE VESSEL LESION
SEEN IN PEOPLE WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. RISK FACTORS FOR CAD REVOLVE
AROUND CIGARETTE SMOKING, DIET HIGH IN FAT, AND LACK OF EXERCISE.
6. A 77-YEAR-OLD MAN IS A HOSPITAL INPATIENT ADMITTED FOR EXACERBATION OF
HIS CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), AND A RESPIRATORY
THERAPIST (RT) IS ASSESSING THE
CLIENT FOR THE FIRST TIME. WHICNH OFRTHEIFOLGLOTWBIN.GCAOSPMECTS OF THE PATIENT'S
CURRENT STATE OF HEALTH WOULD BE BEST CHARACTERIZED AS A SYMPTOM RATHER THAN A
SIGN?
A) THE PATIENT'S OXYGEN SATURATION IS 83% BY PULSE OXYMETRY.
B) THE PATIENT NOTES THAT HE HAS INCREASED WORK OF BREATHING WHEN LYING SUPINE.
C) THE RT HEARS DIMINISHED BREATH SOUNDS TO THE PATIENT'S LOWER
LUNG FIELDS BILATERALLY.
D) THE PATIENT'S RESPIRATORY RATE IS 31
CHAPTER 1-52 |COMPLETE GUIDE NEWEST VERSION 2023
,CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1- CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE ................................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2- CELL AND TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................... 16
CHAPTER 3- CELLULAR ADAPTATION, INJURY, AND DEATH................................................ 29
CHAPTER 4- GENETIC CONTROL OF CELL FUNCTION AND INHERITANCE ............................. 41
CHAPTER 5- GENETIC AND CONGENITAL DISORDERS ......................................................... 53
CHAPTER 6- NEOPLASIA .................................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER 7- STRESS AND ADAPTATION ............................................................................. 78
CHAPTER 8- DISORDERS OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID BASE BALANCE ............... 91
CHAPTER 9- INFLAMMATION, TISSUE REPAIR, AND WOUND HEALING ............................. 116
CHAPTER 10- MECHANISMS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE ....................................................... 140
CHAPTER 11- INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY............................................................. 152
CHAPTER 12- DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE ..................................................... 165
CHAPTER 13- ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF NEURAL FUNCTION ............................... 191
CHAPTER 14- SOMATOSENSORY FUNCTION, PAIN, AND TEMPERATURE ........................... 205
CHAPTER 15- DISORDERS OF MOTOR FUNCTION .............................................................. 219
CHAPTER 16- DISORDERS OF BRAIN FUNCTION ................................................................ 231
CHAPTER 17-SLEEP AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES ................................................................ 245
CHAPTER 18- DISORDERS OF THOUGHT, EMOTION, AND MEMORY .................................. 258
CHAPTER 19- DISORDERS OF VISUAL FUNCTION ............................................................... 271
CHAPTER 20- DISORDERS OF HEARING AND VESTIBULAR FUNCTION ................................ 284
CHAPTER 21- BLOOD CELLS AND THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM ....................................... 297
CHAPTER 22- DISORDERS OF HEMOSTASIS ....................................................................... 309
CHAPTER 23- DISORDERS OF RED BLOOD CELLS ............................................................... 322
CHAPTER 24- DISORDERS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND LYMPHOID TISSUES ..................... 335
CHAPTER 25- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ................. 348
CHAPTER 26- DISORDERS OF BLOOD FLOW ...................................................................... 361
CHAPTER 27- DISORDERS OF CARDIAC FUNCTION ............................................................ 386
CHAPTER 28 DISORDERS OF CARDIAC CONDUCTION AND RHYTHM.................................. 414
CHAPTER 29- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ........................ 429
, CHAPTER 30- RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AND NEOPLASMS ................................... 453
CHAPTER 31- DISORDERS OF VENTILATION AND GAS EXCHANGE ..................................... 465
CHAPTER 32- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEY ............................................... 478
CHAPTER 33- DISORDERS OF RENAL FUNCTION ................................................................ 490
CHAPTER 34- ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ............................... 504
CHAPTER 35- DISORDERS OF THE BLADDER AND LOWER URINARY TRACT ........................ 516
CHAPTER 36- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM ............... 530
CHAPTER 37- DISORDERS OF GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION ........................................... 543
CHAPTER 38- DISORDERS OF HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREAS FUNCTION ........................ 558
CHAPTER 39- ALTERATIONS IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS ...................................................... 572
CHAPTER 40- MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINE CONTROL ..................................................... 585
CHAPTER 41-DISORDERS OF ENDOCRINE CONTROL .......................................................... 597
CHAPTER 42- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ............ 611
CHAPTER 43- DISORDERS OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ..................................... 623
CHAPTER 44- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM......... 637
CHAPTER 45- DISORDERS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM .................................. 650
CHAPTER 46- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS ......................................................... 663
CHAPTER 47- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ............... 676
CHAPTER 48- DISORDERS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION: TRAUMA, INFECTION, NEOPLASMS
....................................................................................................................................... 687
CHAPTER 49- DISORDERS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION: DEVELOPMENTAL AND....... 701
CHAPTER 50- DISORDERS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL FUNCTION: RHEUMATIC DISORDERS .... 713
CHAPTER 51- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN.................................................... 727
CHAPTER 52- DISORDERS OF SKIN INTEGRITY AND FUNCTION .......................................... 739
CHAPTER 1- CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
,1. AT AN INTERNATIONAL NURSING CONFERENCE, MANY
,DISCUSSIONS AND BREAKOUT SESSIONS FOCUSED
ON THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
VIEWS ON HEALTH. OF THE FOLLOWING COMMENTS
MADE BY NURSES DURING A DISCUSSION SESSION,
WHICH STATEMENTS WOULD BE CONSIDERED A
GOOD REPRESENTATION OF THE WHO DEFINITION?
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
A) INTERESTS IN KEEPING THE ELDERLY
POPULATION ENGAGED IN SUCH ACTIVITIES
AS BOOK REVIEWS AND WORD GAMES
DURING SOCIAL TIME
B)
INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CHAIR AEROBICS
CLASSES PROVIDED IN THE SKILLED CARE FACILITIES
C)
INTERVENTIONS GEARED TOWARD KEEPING THE
ELDERLY POPULATION DIAGNOSED WITH
DIABETES MELLITUS UNDER TIGHT BLOOD
GLUCOSE CONTROL BY PROVIDING
IN-HOME
COOKINGCLASSES D)
PROVIDING TRANSPORTATION FOR RENAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS TO AND FROM THEIR HAEMODIALYSIS
SESSIONS
E) PROVIDING HANDWASHING TEACHING SESSIONS TO A GROUP OF YOUNG
CHILDREN ANS:A, B, C, E
FEEDBACK:
THE WHO DEFINITION OF HEALTH IS DEFINED AS “A STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL,
MENTAL, AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE AND
INFIRMITY.” ENGAGING IN BOOK REVIEWS FACILITATES MENTAL AND SOCIAL WELL-
BEING; CHAIR AEROBICS HELPS FACILITATE PHYSICAL WELL-BEING; AND ASSISTING
,WITH TIGHT CONTROL OF DIABETES HELPS WITH FACILITATING PHYSICAL WELL-BEING
EVEN THOUGH THE PERSON HAS A CHRONIC DISEASE. HANDWASHING IS VITAL
,IN THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND SPREAD OF GERMS.
2. A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE IS TEACHING A GROUP OF RECENT GRADUATES
ABOUT THE LARGE VARIETY OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE AN INDIVIDUAL'S HEALTH
OR LACK THEREOF. THE NURSE IS REFERRING TO THE HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020
REPORT FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AS A
TEACHING EXAMPLE. OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS DISCUSSED, WHICH WOULD BE
CONSIDERED A DETERMINANT OF HEALTH THAT IS OUTSIDE THE FOCUS OF THIS
REPORT?
A) THE CLIENT HAS A DIVERSE BACKGROUND BY BEING OF ASIAN AND NATIVE
AMERICAN DESCENT AND PRACTICES VARIOUS ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES TO
MINIMIZE EFFECTS OF STRESS.
B) THE CLIENT HAS A FAMILY HISTORY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
RELATED TO HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AND REMAINS NONCOMPLIANT
WITH THE TREATMENT REGIME.
C) THE CLIENT HAS A GOOD CAREER WITH EXCEPTIONAL PREVENTATIVE HEALTH CARE BENEFITS.
D) THE CLIENT LIVES IN AN AFFLUENT, CLEAN, SUBURBAN COMMUNITY WITH
ACCESS TO MANY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES.
ANS:B
FEEDBACK:
IN HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020, THE FOCUS IS TO PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH TO ALL (SUCH AS
USING ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES TO MINIMIZE EFFECTS OF STRESS); ACHIEVING HEALTH
EQUITY AND PROMOTING HEALTH FOR ALL (WHICH INCLUDES HAVING GOOD HEALTH
CARE BENEFITS); AND PROMOTING GOOD HEALTH (WHICH INCLUDES LIVING IN A CLEAN
COMMUNITY WITH GOOD ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE). A CLIENT'S NONCOMPLIANCE
WITH TREATMENTS TO CONTROL HIGH CHOLESTEROL LEVELS WITHIN THE PRESENCE OF
A FAMILY HISTORY OF CV DISEASE DOES NOT MEET THE “ATTAINING LIVES FREE OF
PREVENTABLE DISEASE AND PREMATURE DEATH” DETERMINANT.
STUVIA.COM - THE MARKETPLACE TO BUY AND SELL YOUR STUDY MATERIAL
,3. A PHYSICIAN IS PROVIDING CARE FOR A NUMBER OF PATIENTS ON A MEDICAL
UNIT OF A LARGE, UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL. THE PHYSICIAN IS DISCUSSING WITH A
COLLEAGUE THE DIFFERENTIATION
,BETWEEN DISEASES THAT ARE CAUSED BY ABNORMAL MOLECULES AND DISEASES THAT
CAUSE DISEASE. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PATIENTS MOST CLEARLY DEMONSTRATES
THE CONSEQUENCES OF MOLECULES THAT CAUSE DISEASE?
A) A 31-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WITH SICKLE CELL ANEMIA WHO IS RECEIVING A
TRANSFUSION OF PACKED RED BLOOD CELLS
B) A 91-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WHO HAS EXPERIENCED AN ISCHEMIC STROKE
RESULTING FROM FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
C) A 19-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH EXACERBATION OF HIS CYSTIC FIBROSIS
REQUIRING OXYGEN THERAPY AND CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY
D) A 30-YEAR-OLD HOMELESS MAN WHO HAS PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII
PNEUMONIA (PCP) AND IS HIV POSITIVE.
ANS:D
FEEDBACK:
PCP IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE EFFECT OF A MOLECULE THAT DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTES TO
DISEASE. SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, AND CYSTIC
FIBROSIS ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF THE EFFECTS OF ABNORMAL MOLECULES.
4. A MEMBER OF THE HEALTH CARE TEAM IS RESEARCHING THE ETIOLOGY AND
PATHOGENESIS OF A NUMBER OF CLIENTS WHO ARE UNDER HIS CARE IN A HOSPITAL
CONTEXT. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF CLIENTS' SITUATIONS BNESUT
CHARACTERIZES PATHOGENESES RATHER THAN ETIOLOGY?
A) A CLIENT WHO HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO THE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS BACTERIUM
B) A CLIENT WHO HAS INCREASING SERUM AMMONIA LEVELS DUE TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS
C) A CLIENT WHO WAS ADMITTED WITH THE EFFECTS OF METHYL ALCOHOL POISONING
D) A CLIENT WITH MULTIPLE SKELETAL INJURIES SECONDARY TO A MOTOR
VEHICLE ACCIDENT ANS:B
FEEDBACK:
PATHOGENESIS REFERS TO THE PROGRESSIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY COURSE OF
DISEASE, SUCH AS THE INCREASING AMMONIA LEVELS THAT ACCOMPANY LIVER
DISEASE. BACTERIA, POISONS, AND TRAUMATIC INJURIES ARE EXAMPLES OF
ETIOLOGIC FACTORS.
, 5. A NEW MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENT REQUIRING ANGIOPLASTY AND STENT
PLACEMENT HAS ARRIVED TO HIS FIRST CARDIAC REHABILITATION APPOINTMENT.
IN THIS FIRST SESSION, A REVIEW OF
THE PATHOGENESIS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IS ADDRESSED. WHICH STATEMENT
BY THE PATIENT VERIFIES TO THE NURSE THAT HE HAS UNDERSTOOD THE NURSE'S
TEACHINGS ABOUT CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE?
A) “ALL I HAVE TO DO IS STOP SMOKING, AND THEN I WON'T HAVE ANY MORE HEART ATTACKS.”
B) “MY ARTERY WAS CLOGGED BY FAT, SO I WILL NEED TO STOP EATING
FATTY FOODS LIKE FRENCH FRIES EVERY DAY.”
C) “SOUNDS LIKE THIS BEGAN BECAUSE OF INFLAMMATION INSIDE MY ARTERY THAT MADE IT
EASY TO FORM FATTY STREAKS, WHICH LEAD TO MY CLOGGED ARTERY.”
D) “IF I DO NOT EXERCISE REGULARLY TO GET MY HEART RATE UP, BLOOD
POOLS IN THE VEINS CAUSING A CLOT THAT STOPS BLOOD FLOW TO THE
MUSCLE, AND I WILL HAVE A HEART ATTACK.” ANS:C
FEEDBACK:
THE TRUE ETIOLOGY/CAUSE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) IS UNKNOWN;
HOWEVER, THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISORDER RELATES TO THE PROGRESSION OF
THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS FROM A FATTY STREAK TO THE OCCLUSIVE VESSEL LESION
SEEN IN PEOPLE WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. RISK FACTORS FOR CAD REVOLVE
AROUND CIGARETTE SMOKING, DIET HIGH IN FAT, AND LACK OF EXERCISE.
6. A 77-YEAR-OLD MAN IS A HOSPITAL INPATIENT ADMITTED FOR EXACERBATION OF
HIS CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD), AND A RESPIRATORY
THERAPIST (RT) IS ASSESSING THE
CLIENT FOR THE FIRST TIME. WHICNH OFRTHEIFOLGLOTWBIN.GCAOSPMECTS OF THE PATIENT'S
CURRENT STATE OF HEALTH WOULD BE BEST CHARACTERIZED AS A SYMPTOM RATHER THAN A
SIGN?
A) THE PATIENT'S OXYGEN SATURATION IS 83% BY PULSE OXYMETRY.
B) THE PATIENT NOTES THAT HE HAS INCREASED WORK OF BREATHING WHEN LYING SUPINE.
C) THE RT HEARS DIMINISHED BREATH SOUNDS TO THE PATIENT'S LOWER
LUNG FIELDS BILATERALLY.
D) THE PATIENT'S RESPIRATORY RATE IS 31
