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Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e (Johnson)
Chapter 1 Human Biology, Science, and Society
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1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
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en
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1) The branch of science that studies the natural world within the context of life is
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A) biology.
B) geology.
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l
C) chemistry.
D) physics.
E) medicine.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.0
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.0
GLO: G1
2) The process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment despite
changes in the external environment is known as
C
A) metabolism.
B) biology.
on
C) homeostasis.
D) evolution.
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E) chemistry.
Answer: C
en
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
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LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
l
3) Molecules of life include which one of the following?
A) water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
B) proteins, saturated fats, monosaccharides, but not polysaccharides
C) lipids and proteins only
D) any noncarbon base molecule
E) nonsugar carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
4) Which one of the following is a TRUE statement?
A) Molecules are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the characteristics
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of life.
B) Cells arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.
en
en
en
C) All living things are made up of at least one cell.
D) Cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.
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E) Complex organisms can be unicellular.
Answer: C
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l
l
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
5) Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding metabolism?
A) Few living organisms require raw materials and a constant source of energy.
B) Plants get the raw materials they need for life processes entirely from the air.
C) Cells maintain life through the breakdown of molecules and energy by chemical and physical
processes.
D) Cells do not require energy to change molecules from one form to another.
C
E) Animals use energy obtained directly from the sun and chemicals obtained from plants, other
animals, air, and water.
on
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.1
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Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
en
GLO: G1
tia
6) All of these criteria are used to classify an organism as a member of the plant, animal, or fungi
kingdom EXCEPT which one?
A) the organism's life cycle
l
B) the means by which the organism transports itself
C) the structure or body plan of the organism
D) the mode of nutrition of the organism
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
7) Which one of the following is a kingdom?
A) Eukarya
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B) Primates
C) Archaea
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en
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D) Animalia
E) Bacteria
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Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.2
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l
l
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
8)
C
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Based on the figure above, which group of organisms is most closely related to members of the
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Kingdom Animalia?
A) Protista
l
B) Fungi
C) Plantae
D) Bacteria
E) Archaea
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.2
GLO: G3
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
9) Which kingdom in the Domain Eukarya contains multicellular photosynthesizers?
A) Plantae
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B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
en
en
en
D) Archaea
E) Animalia
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Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.2
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l
l
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
10) Which one of the following taxa (subgroups used in classification) applies to humans?
A) Mammals
B) Protista
C) Invertebrates
D) Prokarya
E) Bacteria
Answer: A
C
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
on
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
fid
11) Which one of the following sequences represents taxa arranged in order from largest, most
en
all inclusive, to smallest?
A) kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, genus, species, family
B) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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C) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species, family
D) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
l
E) kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order, genus, species, family
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
4
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
12) Humans possess several characteristics that, when taken together, differentiate them from
other organisms. These characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT which one?
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A) opposable thumbs
B) capacity for complex language
en
en
en
C) bipedalism
D) large brain relative to body mass
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E) the inability to maintain a constant internal body temperature
Answer: E
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l
l
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
13) Which one of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of bipedalism?
A) allows an organism to have precise control over the action of the thumb and fingers
B) frees the hands for carrying objects
C) results in improved eye-hand coordination
D) in early humans, allowed for complex motions associated with the use of tools
E) increases the chance that an organism can communicate through the written word
C
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
on
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.2
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GLO: G2
en
14) Which one of the following sequences is CORRECT in terms of level of organization from
least to most complex?
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A) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
B) atoms, cells, organs, community, population
C) atoms, cells, organism, organ systems, ecosystem
l
D) tissues, organ systems, population, cells, organism
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
5
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
15) Which one of the following is the lowest level of biological organization in which
evolutionary change can occur?
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A) cell
B) organism
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en
en
C) community
D) population
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tia
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Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.2
l
l
l
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
16) Which one of the following of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Science is a process.
B) Scientists use the scientific method to gain knowledge about the natural world.
C) Because scientific knowledge is empirical, it cannot be tested.
D) Knowledge gained through the scientific method can be used to predict the natural world.
E) The scientific method involves many different ways of obtaining information.
Answer: C
C
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
on
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
fid
17) Which one of the following best describes the proper sequence of steps involved in the
en
scientific method?
a. state hypothesis
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b. observe
c. experiment
d. support or disprove hypothesis
l
e. form a prediction
A) b, a, d, e, c
B) a, b, c, d, e
C) b, a, e, c, d
D) a, b, c, e, d
E) e, b, a, c, d
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
6
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
18)
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en
en
en
tia
tia
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l
l
l
The graph above depicts the relative increase in autism in children from 1997 to 2007 living in
California. In 2001, the additive thimerosal was removed from most childhood vaccines. Based
C
on the information presented in the graph, what can be concluded about the hypothesis that
thimerosal causes autism?
on
A) Thimerosal, at the very least, contributes to the occurrence of autism as evidenced by the
almost logarithmic increase in children with autism from 2001 to 2007.
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B) Prior to 2001, thimerosal clearly influenced the cases of autism in California.
C) A sharp decrease in the cases of autism would be expected after 2001 if thimerosal was the
en
causative agent of autism.
D) The results of the study are inclusive.
E) Thimerosal requires some other agent to help induce autism.
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Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.5, Current Issue
l
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.5
GLO: G5
19) Which one of the following statements regarding scientific theory is FALSE?
A) A scientific theory is a speculation as to the possible outcome of an experiment.
B) A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested over time, and found to be true, usually becomes
a scientific theory.
C) A scientific theory explains scientific facts with a high degree of reliability.
D) As new information is gained over time, scientific theories can be modified.
E) The highest status that a hypothesis can achieve is becoming a scientific theory.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
7
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
20) Peer review is essential to the scientific process because
A) several experts in the field are able to scrutinize a finding before it can be published.
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B) the process immediately validates any hypotheses tested in the experiments.
C) the process can lead to improvements in articles prior to being published.
en
en
en
D) it is the primary means for informing the general public about new information in the field.
E) it tests hypotheses proposed by other investigators.
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tia
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Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.3
l
l
l
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
21) A farmer wants to improve crop yield in his fields by testing the effectiveness of a new
pesticide available on the market. Which one of the following is the best control for this
experiment?
A) a higher concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than the experimental field
B) more shade on the control field than on the experimental field
C) a lower concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than on the experimental field
D) more water on the control field than on the experimental field
C
E) no new pesticide used on the control field; new pesticide used only on the experimental field
Answer: E
on
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Evaluating/Creating
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LO: 1.3
GLO: G5
en
22) According to a recent study of nearly 140,000 women who were enrolled in the Women's
tia
Health Initiative, women who breast-fed their babies had a lower risk of developing heart disease
and diabetes later in life than women who did not breast-feed their babies. These research
findings are an example of
l
A) causation.
B) skepticism.
C) hypothesis testing.
D) correlation.
E) deductive reasoning.
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.5
GLO: G5
8
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
, C
C
C
on
on
on
23) How does scientific information in peer-reviewed journals differ from that in newspapers?
A) Information is more technical; readers usually require a background in the field in order to
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understand the article.
B) The article is written by a reporter, not a researcher.
en
en
en
C) Articles often include political, ethical, and economic ramifications of the scientific findings.
D) Information is less in-depth and easily understood by the average reader.
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tia
tia
E) Information is not approved by other scientists before its publication.
Answer: A
l
l
l
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
24) One of the most common ways to get information out to a wide audience in the least amount
of time regarding hot topics in science is by using
A) peer-reviewed journals.
B) science magazines.
C) the Discovery Channel on television.
D) general interest news magazines or newspapers.
C
E) books.
Answer: D
on
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
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LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
en
25) A student needs information from the National Institutes of Health, a government agency.
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Which one of the following endings should he or she look for in the Internet address?
A) edu
B) com
l
C) gov
D) nih
E) org
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
9
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues, 8e (Johnson)
Chapter 1 Human Biology, Science, and Society
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1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
en
en
en
1) The branch of science that studies the natural world within the context of life is
tia
tia
tia
A) biology.
B) geology.
l
l
l
C) chemistry.
D) physics.
E) medicine.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.0
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.0
GLO: G1
2) The process by which living organisms maintain a fairly constant internal environment despite
changes in the external environment is known as
C
A) metabolism.
B) biology.
on
C) homeostasis.
D) evolution.
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E) chemistry.
Answer: C
en
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
tia
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
l
3) Molecules of life include which one of the following?
A) water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
B) proteins, saturated fats, monosaccharides, but not polysaccharides
C) lipids and proteins only
D) any noncarbon base molecule
E) nonsugar carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
4) Which one of the following is a TRUE statement?
A) Molecules are considered to be the smallest unit capable of exhibiting all the characteristics
fid
fid
fid
of life.
B) Cells arise spontaneously from nonliving chemical elements.
en
en
en
C) All living things are made up of at least one cell.
D) Cells are incapable of maintaining homeostasis because they are too small.
tia
tia
tia
E) Complex organisms can be unicellular.
Answer: C
l
l
l
Topic: Sec. 1.1
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
GLO: G1
5) Which one of the following is a CORRECT statement regarding metabolism?
A) Few living organisms require raw materials and a constant source of energy.
B) Plants get the raw materials they need for life processes entirely from the air.
C) Cells maintain life through the breakdown of molecules and energy by chemical and physical
processes.
D) Cells do not require energy to change molecules from one form to another.
C
E) Animals use energy obtained directly from the sun and chemicals obtained from plants, other
animals, air, and water.
on
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.1
fid
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.1
en
GLO: G1
tia
6) All of these criteria are used to classify an organism as a member of the plant, animal, or fungi
kingdom EXCEPT which one?
A) the organism's life cycle
l
B) the means by which the organism transports itself
C) the structure or body plan of the organism
D) the mode of nutrition of the organism
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
2
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
7) Which one of the following is a kingdom?
A) Eukarya
fid
fid
fid
B) Primates
C) Archaea
en
en
en
D) Animalia
E) Bacteria
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tia
tia
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.2
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l
l
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
8)
C
on
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en
Based on the figure above, which group of organisms is most closely related to members of the
tia
Kingdom Animalia?
A) Protista
l
B) Fungi
C) Plantae
D) Bacteria
E) Archaea
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.2
GLO: G3
3
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
9) Which kingdom in the Domain Eukarya contains multicellular photosynthesizers?
A) Plantae
fid
fid
fid
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
en
en
en
D) Archaea
E) Animalia
tia
tia
tia
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.2
l
l
l
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
10) Which one of the following taxa (subgroups used in classification) applies to humans?
A) Mammals
B) Protista
C) Invertebrates
D) Prokarya
E) Bacteria
Answer: A
C
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
on
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
fid
11) Which one of the following sequences represents taxa arranged in order from largest, most
en
all inclusive, to smallest?
A) kingdom, domain, phylum, order, class, genus, species, family
B) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
tia
C) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species, family
D) species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
l
E) kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order, genus, species, family
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
4
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
12) Humans possess several characteristics that, when taken together, differentiate them from
other organisms. These characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT which one?
fid
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A) opposable thumbs
B) capacity for complex language
en
en
en
C) bipedalism
D) large brain relative to body mass
tia
tia
tia
E) the inability to maintain a constant internal body temperature
Answer: E
l
l
l
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
13) Which one of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of bipedalism?
A) allows an organism to have precise control over the action of the thumb and fingers
B) frees the hands for carrying objects
C) results in improved eye-hand coordination
D) in early humans, allowed for complex motions associated with the use of tools
E) increases the chance that an organism can communicate through the written word
C
Answer: B
Topic: Sec. 1.2
on
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.2
fid
GLO: G2
en
14) Which one of the following sequences is CORRECT in terms of level of organization from
least to most complex?
tia
A) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
B) atoms, cells, organs, community, population
C) atoms, cells, organism, organ systems, ecosystem
l
D) tissues, organ systems, population, cells, organism
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.2
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
5
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
15) Which one of the following is the lowest level of biological organization in which
evolutionary change can occur?
fid
fid
fid
A) cell
B) organism
en
en
en
C) community
D) population
tia
tia
tia
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.2
l
l
l
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.2
GLO: G1
16) Which one of the following of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Science is a process.
B) Scientists use the scientific method to gain knowledge about the natural world.
C) Because scientific knowledge is empirical, it cannot be tested.
D) Knowledge gained through the scientific method can be used to predict the natural world.
E) The scientific method involves many different ways of obtaining information.
Answer: C
C
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
on
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
fid
17) Which one of the following best describes the proper sequence of steps involved in the
en
scientific method?
a. state hypothesis
tia
b. observe
c. experiment
d. support or disprove hypothesis
l
e. form a prediction
A) b, a, d, e, c
B) a, b, c, d, e
C) b, a, e, c, d
D) a, b, c, e, d
E) e, b, a, c, d
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
6
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
18)
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fid
fid
en
en
en
tia
tia
tia
l
l
l
The graph above depicts the relative increase in autism in children from 1997 to 2007 living in
California. In 2001, the additive thimerosal was removed from most childhood vaccines. Based
C
on the information presented in the graph, what can be concluded about the hypothesis that
thimerosal causes autism?
on
A) Thimerosal, at the very least, contributes to the occurrence of autism as evidenced by the
almost logarithmic increase in children with autism from 2001 to 2007.
fid
B) Prior to 2001, thimerosal clearly influenced the cases of autism in California.
C) A sharp decrease in the cases of autism would be expected after 2001 if thimerosal was the
en
causative agent of autism.
D) The results of the study are inclusive.
E) Thimerosal requires some other agent to help induce autism.
tia
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.5, Current Issue
l
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.5
GLO: G5
19) Which one of the following statements regarding scientific theory is FALSE?
A) A scientific theory is a speculation as to the possible outcome of an experiment.
B) A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested over time, and found to be true, usually becomes
a scientific theory.
C) A scientific theory explains scientific facts with a high degree of reliability.
D) As new information is gained over time, scientific theories can be modified.
E) The highest status that a hypothesis can achieve is becoming a scientific theory.
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
7
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,C
C
C
on
on
on
20) Peer review is essential to the scientific process because
A) several experts in the field are able to scrutinize a finding before it can be published.
fid
fid
fid
B) the process immediately validates any hypotheses tested in the experiments.
C) the process can lead to improvements in articles prior to being published.
en
en
en
D) it is the primary means for informing the general public about new information in the field.
E) it tests hypotheses proposed by other investigators.
tia
tia
tia
Answer: A
Topic: Sec. 1.3
l
l
l
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.3
GLO: G1
21) A farmer wants to improve crop yield in his fields by testing the effectiveness of a new
pesticide available on the market. Which one of the following is the best control for this
experiment?
A) a higher concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than the experimental field
B) more shade on the control field than on the experimental field
C) a lower concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than on the experimental field
D) more water on the control field than on the experimental field
C
E) no new pesticide used on the control field; new pesticide used only on the experimental field
Answer: E
on
Topic: Sec. 1.3
Bloom's: Evaluating/Creating
fid
LO: 1.3
GLO: G5
en
22) According to a recent study of nearly 140,000 women who were enrolled in the Women's
tia
Health Initiative, women who breast-fed their babies had a lower risk of developing heart disease
and diabetes later in life than women who did not breast-feed their babies. These research
findings are an example of
l
A) causation.
B) skepticism.
C) hypothesis testing.
D) correlation.
E) deductive reasoning.
Answer: D
Topic: Sec. 1.5
Bloom's: Applying/Analyzing
LO: 1.5
GLO: G5
8
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
, C
C
C
on
on
on
23) How does scientific information in peer-reviewed journals differ from that in newspapers?
A) Information is more technical; readers usually require a background in the field in order to
fid
fid
fid
understand the article.
B) The article is written by a reporter, not a researcher.
en
en
en
C) Articles often include political, ethical, and economic ramifications of the scientific findings.
D) Information is less in-depth and easily understood by the average reader.
tia
tia
tia
E) Information is not approved by other scientists before its publication.
Answer: A
l
l
l
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
24) One of the most common ways to get information out to a wide audience in the least amount
of time regarding hot topics in science is by using
A) peer-reviewed journals.
B) science magazines.
C) the Discovery Channel on television.
D) general interest news magazines or newspapers.
C
E) books.
Answer: D
on
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
fid
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
en
25) A student needs information from the National Institutes of Health, a government agency.
tia
Which one of the following endings should he or she look for in the Internet address?
A) edu
B) com
l
C) gov
D) nih
E) org
Answer: C
Topic: Sec. 1.4
Bloom's: Remembering/Understanding
LO: 1.4
GLO: G1
9
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