First Aid USMLE Step 1: Neuropathology Questions and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers) ||Already Graded A+||Newest Version

First Aid USMLE Step 1: Neuropathology Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers)
||Already Graded A+||Newest Version
Quiz: Frontal Lobe Lesion Presentation

Ans: Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation, judgment

May have reemergence of primitive reflexes.



Quiz:Frontal Eye Field Lesion Presentation

Ans: Eyes look toward lesion.



Quiz:Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation Lesion Presentation

Ans: Eyes look away from side of lesion



Quiz:Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus Lesion Presentation

Ans: Internuclear ophthalmoplegia:

Impaired adduction of ipsilateral eye

Nystagmus of contralateral eye with abduction



Quiz:Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus Lesion Example

Ans: MS



Quiz:Dominant Parietal Cortex Lesion Presentation




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, Ans: Agraphia, acalculia

Finger agnosia

Left-right disorientation



Quiz:Dominant Parietal Cortex Lesion Example

Ans: Gerstmann Syndrome



Quiz:Nondominant Parietal Cortex Lesion Presentation

Ans: Agnosia of the contralateral side of the world



Quiz:Nondominant Parietal Cortex Lesion Example

Ans: Hemispatial Neglect Syndrome



Quiz:Hippocampus (Bilateral) Lesion Presentation

Ans: Anterograde amnesia—inability to make new memories



Quiz:Basal Ganglia Lesion Presentation

Ans: May result in tremor at rest, chorea, athetosis



Quiz:Basal Ganglia Lesion Examples

Ans: Parkinson Disease

Huntingdon Disease




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, Quiz:Mammillary Bodies (Bilateral) Lesion Presentation

Ans: Wernicke-Korsako Syndrome:

Confusion

Ataxia

Nystagmus

Ophthalmoplegia

memory loss - anterograde & retrograde amnesia

confabulation

personality changes



Quiz:Mammillary Bodies (Bilateral) Lesion Example

Ans: Wernicke problems in a CAN O' beer



Quiz:Subthalamic Nucleus Lesion Presentation

Ans: Contralateral hemiballismus



Quiz:Amygdala (Bilateral) Lesion Presentation

Ans: Klüver-Bucy Syndrome:

Disinhibited behavior - hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality



Quiz:Amygdala (Bilateral) Lesion Example

Ans: HSV-1 Encephalitis



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, Quiz:Superior Colliculus Lesion Presentation

Ans: Parinaud Syndrome:

Paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze - rostral interstitial nucleus also involved



Quiz:Superior Colliculus Lesion Examples

Ans: Stroke

Hydrocephalus

Pinealoma



Quiz:Reticular Activating System (midbrain) Lesion Presentation

Ans: Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness → coma



Quiz:Cerebellar Hemisphere Lesion Presentation

Ans: Intention tremor

Limb ataxia

Loss of balance




Damage to cerebellum → ipsilateral deficits - fall toward side of lesion



Quiz:Cerebellar Hemisphere Lesion Example

Ans: Cerebellar hemisphere are *lateral*ly located

Affect *lateral* limbs



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