MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EXAM: LATEST A+ QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
What is the primary purpose of the chromosomes in a cell's nucleus?
to store the genetic code that determines an organism's traits
What molecule is DNA transcribed into, which carries the information from DNA in the
nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm?
mRNA
DNA and RNA are both organic molecules called ____________ __________.
nucleic acids
What is the nucleic acid that forms the structure of chromosomes and is found in the nucleus
of eukaryotic cells?
DNA
Genetic information in DNA is first ____ into RNA in the _____ , then _____ into protein in the
____.
Transcribed, Nucleus, Translated, Cytoplasm
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
Griffith injected _____ with two different strains of bacteria in his search for the genetic
material.
Mice
Which organic compound did Avery discover was the genetic material?
DNA
For many decades scientists thought _________ were the molecules that carry genetic
information, not DNA.
proteins
Tiny particles that contain DNA but lack other characteristics of living cells are _____.
Viruses
___________ is the process of changing an organism by inserting novel DNA into the
organism.
, Transformation
When Avery and his colleagues killed the S-strain bacteria and mixed the remains with live R-
strain bacteria, the R strain remained harmless. (T or F)
FALSE
Who is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
Which of the following enzymes is/are involved in the process of DNA replication?
DNA polymerase and DNA helicase
Name the enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together
during DNA replication?
DNA helicase
Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: Amino Acids, Nucleotides, or RNA.
_________ is/are the monomers of the DNA molecule.
Nucleotides
A deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base (A,C,T,G) make up a
_______, the monomer of DNA.
nucleotide
The DNA nucleotide monomers include 3 parts:
deoxyribose sugar
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base
In the process of DNA replication, bonds are broken between:
Bases
The double strands of ________ are held together by hydrogen bonds between the
nitrogenous bases.
are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases.
What is the structure of the DNA molecule?
Double helix
Which of the following forms the "steps" of the DNA molecule?
AND ANSWERS BREAKDOWN
What is the primary purpose of the chromosomes in a cell's nucleus?
to store the genetic code that determines an organism's traits
What molecule is DNA transcribed into, which carries the information from DNA in the
nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm?
mRNA
DNA and RNA are both organic molecules called ____________ __________.
nucleic acids
What is the nucleic acid that forms the structure of chromosomes and is found in the nucleus
of eukaryotic cells?
DNA
Genetic information in DNA is first ____ into RNA in the _____ , then _____ into protein in the
____.
Transcribed, Nucleus, Translated, Cytoplasm
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
Griffith injected _____ with two different strains of bacteria in his search for the genetic
material.
Mice
Which organic compound did Avery discover was the genetic material?
DNA
For many decades scientists thought _________ were the molecules that carry genetic
information, not DNA.
proteins
Tiny particles that contain DNA but lack other characteristics of living cells are _____.
Viruses
___________ is the process of changing an organism by inserting novel DNA into the
organism.
, Transformation
When Avery and his colleagues killed the S-strain bacteria and mixed the remains with live R-
strain bacteria, the R strain remained harmless. (T or F)
FALSE
Who is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
Which of the following enzymes is/are involved in the process of DNA replication?
DNA polymerase and DNA helicase
Name the enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together
during DNA replication?
DNA helicase
Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: Amino Acids, Nucleotides, or RNA.
_________ is/are the monomers of the DNA molecule.
Nucleotides
A deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base (A,C,T,G) make up a
_______, the monomer of DNA.
nucleotide
The DNA nucleotide monomers include 3 parts:
deoxyribose sugar
a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base
In the process of DNA replication, bonds are broken between:
Bases
The double strands of ________ are held together by hydrogen bonds between the
nitrogenous bases.
are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases.
What is the structure of the DNA molecule?
Double helix
Which of the following forms the "steps" of the DNA molecule?
