Module 8: Pharmacology and Intravenous Therapies-Questions and Answers-With Rationales-A+ Rated

Module 8: Pharmacology and Intravenous Therapies-Questions and Answers-With Rationales-A+ Rated The nurse provides medication instructions to a client. Which statements by the client indicate the need for follow-up and additional teaching? Select all that apply. "I need to check my pulse before taking my heart medication." "I need to stop taking the medication if I have any side effects." "I can take herbal medications if I want, because they come from plants." "I should wear a Medic-Alert bracelet for as long as I'm taking this blood thinner." "I need to take this antibiotic until all of the capsules are all gone, even if I'm feeling better. I need to stop taking the medication if I have any side effects." "I can take herbal medications if I want, because they come from plants." RATIONALE: One component of medication instructions is teaching the client how to take his temperature, pulse, and blood pressure. The client is also taught never to adjust a dose or abruptly stop taking a medication. If side effects or adverse effects occur, the client should contact the health care provider. Over-the-counter medication, including herbal preparations, must be avoided unless specifically approved by the health care provider, because they may interact with prescribed medications. Clients taking medications such as anticoagulants, oral hypoglycemics or insulin, certain cardiac medications, corticosteroids and glucocorticoids, antimyasthenic medications, anticonvulsants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors need to wear a Medic-Alert bracelet or carry a Medic-Alert card. Medication compliance is important, and the importance of completing the prescribed medication regimen must be stressed to the client. A nurse is preparing to administer enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid tablets orally to a client. When the nurse brings the medication to the client, the client tells the nurse that she has difficulty swallowing and will not be able to swallow the pills. Which action is most appropriate for the nurse to take? Contacting the health care provider Administering an elixir form of the medication Crushing the pills and mixing them into applesauce Administering the suppository form of the medication Contacting the health care provider Administering an elixir form of the medication RATIONALE: Enteric-coated tablets, which are absorbed in the small intestine, should not be crushed, because the medication could irritate the stomach. For these reasons, an elixir form of a medication should not be given in place of enteric-coated tablets. Also, aspirin is not available in elixir form. The nurse would not administer a medication by way of a route that had not been prescribed. Thus the only correct option is to contact the health care provider. A nurse is observing a new nurse employee who is preparing to administer 1 inch (2.5 cm) of topical nitroglycerin ointment to a client with angina pectoris. Which actions indicate the new nurse employee needs further education? Select all that apply. Wearing gloves Applying the ointment to skin with hair Removing previously applied ointment Rubbing the ointment into the client's skin Measuring out the correct amount of ointment on the paper applicator Taping the paper applicator in place once the ointment has been applied Applying the ointment to skin with hair Rubbing the ointment into the client's skin RATIONALE: To promote medication absorption as intended, the nurse would avoid applying the ointment to skin with hair and would also avoid rubbing the ointment into the skin. The nurse always wears gloves when applying topical medications to a client; in this case, gloves are especially important because the nurse could be subject to the effects of the medication if it were to come into contact with the nurse's skin. Before applying nitroglycerin ointment, the nurse would remove the previously applied ointment and cleanse the skin. The correct amount of medication is measured out on the appropriate paper applicator, after which the applicator is taped in place on the client's body. A client's dinner intake includes a glass of milk (8 oz), a cup of tea (6 oz), a glass of water (8 oz), and gelatin (4 oz). How many milliliters of fluid has the client consumed? (Type your answer in the space provided, then select Submit.)mL. 780 The client consumed a total of 26 oz of fluid. Because 1 oz is equal to 30 mL, you must multiply 26 oz by 30 mL, which yields 780 mL. A prescription reads, "Penicillin G 1.2 million units intramuscular stat." The label on the prefilled syringe bears the notation "600,000 units/mL." How many milliliters of medication will the nurse prepare to administer to the client? Type your answer in the box provided, then select Submit.mL Use the medication calculation formula. Formula: Desired /Available× milliliters = milliliters per dose 1,200,000 units/600,000 units × 1 mL = 2 ml A newborn is to receive intramuscular vitamin K immediately after birth. On the basis of the health care providers prescription, the nurse determines that the newborn should be given 0.25 mL of medication. Which syringe should the nurse select to draw up the correct dose? RATIONALE: A tuberculin syringe is a 1-mL syringe that is calibrated in tenths (0.1 mL), hundredths (0.01 mL). The syringe is used when the amount of medication solution to be administered is less than 1 mL, often for pediatric and heparin doses. The insulin syringe also has a capacity of 1 mL but is calibrated in units. As its name indicates, it is used to administer insulin. The 3-mL syringe is calibrated in tenths (0.1 mL). The 5-mL syringe is calibrated in 0.2-mL increments. TESTLET Four-month-old Caryn Badger has been prescribed amoxicillin 60 mg orally every 8 hours for the treatment of a respiratory infection. Caryn weighs 12.5 lb. The drug literature indicates that in children weighing less than 20 kg, the safe dose is 40 mg/kg/day, divided into three doses. Caryn's nurse prepares to administer the first dose of the medication. ... Caryn weighs 12.5 lb. The nurse, determining whether the dosage prescribed for Caryn is safe, calculates Caryn's weight in kilograms. How many kilograms does Caryn weigh? (Round your answer to the nearest tenth.)kg 5.7 RATIONALE: To convert pounds to kilograms, remember that 1 kg equals 2.2 lb. Divide 12.5 lb by 2.2 lb. This yields 5.68, or 5.7 kg. Therefore x equals 5.68, which is rounded to 5.7 kg. The safe dose of the prescribed medication is 40 mg/kg/day, divided into three doses. Using Caryn's weight in kilograms, the nurse determines the maximal daily dose of the medication that Caryn can safely be given. What is the maximal daily dose in milligrams?mg 228 To determine the maximal daily dose of medication for Caryn, multiply her weight in kilograms by the safe dose parameter. In this situation, the safe dose is 40 mg/kg/day, so multiply 40 mg by 5.7 kg. This yields 228 mg/day. The nurse reads the medication label and rechecks the prescription (60 mg orally every 8 hours) to determine the amount of medication to be given. How many milliliters will the nurse give per dose to Caryn?mL RATIONALE: Use the dose calculation formula: Desired/ Available× milliliters = Milliliters per dose 60 mg/125 mg× 5 mL = 2.4 mL TESTLET QUESTION 4 Caryn's condition worsens. The health care provider has changed the amoxicillin prescription to nafcillin 200 mg intramuscularly every 6 hours. The drug literature indicates that this medication can be safely given at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day, divided into 4 to 6 doses. The vial is labeled "1 g" and will be reconstituted with 3.4 mL of diluent, which equals 4 mL in the vial. How will the nurse respond to this prescription?