QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|| GUARANTEED
PASS|| ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST
UPDATE 2026
What are some possible radiation complications of breast ca? - ANSWER--Skin
changes (burning, peeling, discoloration)
-Fatigue
-Axillary hair loss
-Rib fx, heart damage, radiation pneumonitis, brachial plexopathy, slight
increased risk for secondary cancer (all rare)
What are some general possible complications of breast ca? - ANSWER--
Infertility
-Osteoporosis
-Musculoskeletal complaints
-Sexual dysf.
-Cog. changes
-Fatigue
-Depression
-Insomnia
-Neuropathy
,-Cardiac toxicity
-CVD
What is fibroadenoma? - ANSWER-Benign breast lesion of fibrotic stroma
(connective tissue) & glandular tissue; heterogenous lesion AKA benign breast
dz (BBD)
What is etiology of fibroadenoma? - ANSWER-Unknown, thought to be
exaggerated response to normal hormonal stimuli
What is the most common benign tumor in female breast? - ANSWER-
Fibroadenoma (most common 15-40yo, but can be any age)
What are some risk factors for fibroadenoma? - ANSWER--Multiple FA's
associated w/rare ca syndromes (Maffuci syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Carney
complex)
-Increased risk of BBD with h/o adolescent ETOH consumption, esp. >/=10g
per day
What are some assessment findings of BBD? - ANSWER--Discrete, painless,
firm/rubbery mass w/well-defined borders
-Freely mobile
-Fluctuations in size w/pregn. or menst. cycle
->5cm considered giant FA
-No nipple discharge
What are some diff dx for BBD? - ANSWER--Fibrocystic breast dz
-Intraductal papilloma
-Breast ca
-Phyllodes tumor
,-Cyst
-Other benign breast dz
What are most complications of cervical ca related to? - ANSWER-Specific
therapy or treatment
What are some estrogen-containing combined contraceptives? - ANSWER--
Combined PO
-Contraceptive patch
-Vag ring
What are some progestin-only contraceptives? - ANSWER--Progestin-only PO
(Mini-Pill or POP)
-Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo, DMPA)
-Etonogestrel implant (Nexplanon)
-Emergency contraception (levonogestrel x1 dose aka Plan B, Ulipristal Acetate
x1 dose Rx only aka Ella, copper IUD)
What are some long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)? - ANSWER--
IUD/IUS (ParaGard Copper T380A, Mirena, Skyla)
What are some barrier methods of contraception? - ANSWER--Diaphragm
-Vag sponge
-Male condom
-Female condom
-Spermicide
What are some forms of sterilization? - ANSWER--Tubal ligation
-Vasectomy
, -Transcervical sterilization
What is MOA of combined-oral contraceptives? - ANSWER--Suppress
pituitary gonadotropins (FSH, LH) inhibiting ovulation
-Phasic pills to mimic hormonal fluctuations in menst. cycle
What are the 4 types of combo oral contraceptives? - ANSWER--Monophasic
-Biphasic
-Triphasic
-Quadriphasic
How do monophasic COCs work? - ANSWER-Estrogen & Progestin doses
fixed throughout cycle
How do biphasic COCs work? - ANSWER--Estrogen dose remains same for 1st
21d of cycle
-Progestin dose is lower in 1st half of cycle
-Progestin dose is higher in 2nd half
How do triphasic COCs work? - ANSWER--Estr. dose may be same or may
vary throughout cycle
-Progest. dose varies throughout
How do quadriphasic COCs work? - ANSWER-Estr. & progest. doses vary
throughout cycle
What are some SEs of too much estrogen in OCPs? - ANSWER--Nausea
-Bloating
-HTN