MEDICAL CHEMISTRY QUIZ 1 (ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

MEDICAL CHEMISTRY QUIZ 1
(ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
TraceA2elementsA2areA2mineralsA2presentA2inA2theA2bodyA2inA2amountsA2ofA2____A2-
A2Ans--<5A2g


WhatA2areA2theA2twoA2typesA2ofA2traceA2elementsA2andA2whatA2areA2theirA2functions?A2-
A2Ans--essentialA2(haveA2importantA2function)
[likeA2cofactors,A2deficiencyA2impairsA2aA2functionalA2processA2andA2replacementA2ofA2the
A2elementA2correctA2impairment,A2excessA2concentrationsA2a/wA2toxicity]


non-essentialA2(noA2knownA2functionA2inA2humanA2physiology)
[medicallyA2interestingA2dueA2toA2toxicity]

WhatA2areA2theA2commonA2essentialA2traceA2elementsA2(mg/L)?A2-A2Ans--ironA2(Fe)
copperA2(Cu)
zincA2(Zn)

WhatA2areA2theA2commonA2essentialA2ultratraceA2elementsA2(micrograms/L)?A2-A2Ans--
chromiumA2(Cr)
manganeseA2(Mn)
SeleniumA2(Se)

WhatA2isA2theA2mostA2commonA2non-essentialA2traceA2element?A2-A2Ans--leadA2(Pb)

[othersA2areA2arsenic,A2cadmium,A2mercury]

HowA2isA2ironA2absorbedA2andA2inA2whatA2form?A2-A2Ans--inA2foodA2(meat/
liver)A2mostlyA2inA2ferricA2formA2(Fe3+)

WhatA2isA2theA2primaryA2meansA2ofA2FeA2regulation?A2-A2Ans--
proportionA2absorbedA2(regulatoryA2processA2isA2disruptedA2inA2HereditaryA2Hemochroma
tosis)

WhatA2happensA2toA2Fe3+A2forA2absorption?A2-A2Ans--
reducedA2toA2ferrousA2(Fe2+)A2forA2absorptionA2byA2GIA2tract'sA2acidicA2agents

WhatA2acidicA2agentsA2reduceA2Fe3+?A2-A2Ans--gastricA2HClA2orA2vitaminA2C

WhatA2happensA2toA2Fe2+A2inA2theA2intestinalA2mucosalA2cells?A2-A2Ans--
oxidizedA2toA2Fe3+A2byA2ceruloplasmin

, WhatA2happensA2afterA2Fe3+A2hasA2beenA2oxidized?A2-A2Ans--
absorbedA2andA2transportedA2inA2bloodA2byA2transferrinA2toA2boneA2marrowA2whereA2itA2isA
2incorporatedA2intoA2Hgb


HowA2muchA2ironA2isA2inA2theA2typicalA2humanA2body?A2-A2Ans--3-5A2g

WhatA2percentA2ofA2essentialA2ironA2isA2functionalA2inA2aA2humanA2andA2whatA2areA2theA2b
reakdowns?A2-A2Ans--75%A2functional

65-70%A2isA2inA2Hgb,A2transportingA2O2A2toA2tissue

1-3%A2partA2ofA2enzymesA2(co-factors)
[mitochondrialA2-A2catalase,A2peroxidase,A2cytochromes,A2etc]

5%A2inA2MgbA2(transportsA2O2A2inA2skeletalA2muscle)

WhatA2percentA2ofA2essentialA2ironA2isA2storageA2andA2describeA2this?A2-A2Ans--20%

ferritinA2isA2aA2complexA2ofA2proteinA2andA2Fe3+A2andA2isA2inA2smallA2amountsA2inA2theA2bl
ood

hemosiderinA2(derivedA2fromA2ferritin,A2excessA2FeA2storedA2inA2REA2cells)

WhatA2doesA2ferritinA2do?A2-A2Ans--preventsA2toxicA2effectsA2ofA2freeA2Fe

WhatA2doesA2decreasedA2ferritinA2mean?A2Increased?A2-A2Ans--FeA2deficient

manyA2diseasesA2(anA2APR)

WhatA2percentA2ofA2essentialA2ironA2isA2transportA2andA2describeA2this?A2-A2Ans--
traceA2amounts

mainlyA2doneA2byA2transferrin,A2eachA2transferrinA2canA2bindA22A2Fe3+

WhatA2doesA2increasedA2transferrinA2mean?A2-A2Ans--Fe-deficiencyA2anemia

WhatA2isA2totalA2ironA2bindingA2capacityA2(TIBC)A2-A2Ans--
measureA2ofA2serumA2Fe3+,A2transportA2capacityA2ofA2transferrin

WhatA2isA2transferrinA2saturation?A2-A2Ans--
%A2ofA2FeA2bindingA2sitesA2onA2transferrinA2occupiedA2byA2Fe3+

WhatA2isA2transferrinA2saturationA2usefulA2for?A2-A2Ans--
assessingA2adequacyA2ofA2bodyA2FeA2levels