Cardiovascular Pharmacology SEs – 20+ Verified Adverse Effects of Diuretics, Beta Blockers, ACEIs – Pharm 2025

This document provides a rapid-access, high-yield reference of 20+ expert-verified side effects for the most commonly tested cardiovascular drugs, specifically compiled for the Pharm 2025 curriculum. Structured in a Q&A flashcard-style format, this resource is designed for quick memorization and last-minute exam review. It covers essential adverse effects for: Diuretics: CA inhibitors – metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia Loop diuretics – hypovolemia, hypokalemia, worsens CHF Thiazides – metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia K⁺-sparing diuretics – hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis Spironolactone vs. Eplerenone – gynecomastia and menstrual changes (spironolactone), none for eplerenone Sympatholytics and RAAS inhibitors: Beta blockers – bradycardia, bronchospasm, fatigue, depression ACE inhibitors – angioedema, dry cough ARBs – fewer respiratory SEs Renin inhibitors – GI disturbances, increased uric acid Alpha blockers and alpha-2 agonists – orthostasis, sedation, dry mouth Anticoagulants & lipid-lowering drugs: Warfarin – skin necrosis, bleeding UFH & LMWH – thrombocytopenia Aspirin – ulcers, asthma exacerbation Statins – rhabdomyolysis, GI symptoms Bile acid resins – GI issues, ↓ fat-soluble vitamin absorption Niacin – flushing, pruritus Perfect for: Medical, nursing, and pharmacy students Step 1, NCLEX, NAPLEX, and final exam preparation Review during cardiovascular, renal, or pharmacology blocks Keywords: cardiovascular pharmacology, diuretic side effects, loop diuretics, thiazides, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, renin inhibitors, alpha blockers, warfarin, heparin, aspirin, statins, bile acid resins, niacin, rhabdomyolysis, gynecomastia, dry cough, pharmacology SEs, Pharm 2025