PSYCH 100 Final Exam Study Guide – Key
Concepts & Most Tested Topics (2025)
Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon - ANSWER ✨✔---the tendency for people who have first agreed to
a smaller request to comply later with a larger request
Role - ANSWER ✨✔---a set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the
position ought to behave
Zimbardo Experiment - ANSWER ✨✔---Famous study in which male college students volunteered
to participate in. Students were randomly assigned the role of either a prisoner or a guard in this mock
experiment. Stanford Psychologist Philip Zimbardo ended the experiment after six days, as the
participants were getting out of hand; role playing affects attitudes and behavior
Punishment - ANSWER ✨✔---An event that decreases the behavior it follows
Positive Punishment - ANSWER ✨✔---Administering an aversive stimulus (eg. give a traffic ticket
for speeding)
Negative Punishment - ANSWER ✨✔---Withdraw a rewarding stimulus (eg. take away a
misbehaving teen's driving privileges)
, The Big Five Personality Factors - ANSWER ✨✔---Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism,
Openness, Extraversion
Conscientiousness - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; careless vs. careful
Agreeableness - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; uncooperative vs. helpful
Neuroticism - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; emotional stability vs. instability
Openness - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; routine vs. variety
Extraversion - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; reserved vs. sociable
Fundamental Attribution Error - ANSWER ✨✔---the tendency, when analyzing others' behavior, to
overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate the effects of the situation
Psychoanalysis - ANSWER ✨✔---Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions
to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking
to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Unconscious - ANSWER ✨✔---According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts,
wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of
which we are unaware
Free Association - ANSWER ✨✔---In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in
which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how unimportant or
embarrassing
Id - ANSWER ✨✔---A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to
satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives; operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate
gratification
Concepts & Most Tested Topics (2025)
Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon - ANSWER ✨✔---the tendency for people who have first agreed to
a smaller request to comply later with a larger request
Role - ANSWER ✨✔---a set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the
position ought to behave
Zimbardo Experiment - ANSWER ✨✔---Famous study in which male college students volunteered
to participate in. Students were randomly assigned the role of either a prisoner or a guard in this mock
experiment. Stanford Psychologist Philip Zimbardo ended the experiment after six days, as the
participants were getting out of hand; role playing affects attitudes and behavior
Punishment - ANSWER ✨✔---An event that decreases the behavior it follows
Positive Punishment - ANSWER ✨✔---Administering an aversive stimulus (eg. give a traffic ticket
for speeding)
Negative Punishment - ANSWER ✨✔---Withdraw a rewarding stimulus (eg. take away a
misbehaving teen's driving privileges)
, The Big Five Personality Factors - ANSWER ✨✔---Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism,
Openness, Extraversion
Conscientiousness - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; careless vs. careful
Agreeableness - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; uncooperative vs. helpful
Neuroticism - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; emotional stability vs. instability
Openness - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; routine vs. variety
Extraversion - ANSWER ✨✔---One of the Big Five; reserved vs. sociable
Fundamental Attribution Error - ANSWER ✨✔---the tendency, when analyzing others' behavior, to
overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate the effects of the situation
Psychoanalysis - ANSWER ✨✔---Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions
to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking
to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Unconscious - ANSWER ✨✔---According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts,
wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of
which we are unaware
Free Association - ANSWER ✨✔---In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in
which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how unimportant or
embarrassing
Id - ANSWER ✨✔---A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to
satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives; operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate
gratification
