NSD 225 Exam 1
Hunger - Answer-the primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food, mostly regulated by
internal cues to eating
Cals per gram for carbs - Answer-4
Cals per gram from lipids - Answer-9
Cals per gram for proteins - Answer-4
Appetite - Answer-the primary physiological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food,
often in the absence of obvious hunger
Satiety - Answer-state in which there is no longer a desire to eat, a feeling of satisfaction
Nutrients - Answer-chemical substances in food that contribute to health, many of which are essential
parts of a diet, nutrients nourish us by providing calories to fulfill energy needs, materials for building
body parts, and factors to regulate necessary chemical processes in the body
Essential nutrient - Answer-in nutritional terms, a substance that, when left out of a diet, leads to signs
of poor health, the body either cannot produce this nutrient or cannot produce enough of it to meet its
needs, then if added back to a diet before permanent damage occurs, the affected aspects of health are
restored
,Glucose - Answer-a six-carbon sugar that exists in a ring form; found as such in blood, and in table sugar
bound to fructose; also known as dextrose, it is one of the simple sugars
Carbohydrate - Answer-a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Most are known
as sugars, starches and fibers
Lipid - Answer-a compound containing much carbon and hydrogen, little oxygen, and sometimes other
atoms, do not dissolve in water and include fats, oils and cholesterol
Protein - Answer-food and body compounds made of amino acids, proteins contain carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes other atoms, in a specific configuration, contains the form of nitrogen
most easily used by the human body
Vitamin - Answer-compound needed in very small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support
chemical reactions in the body
Mineral - Answer-element used to promote chemical reactions and to form body structures
Water - Answer-the universal solvent; chemically h2o, the body is composed of about 60% water, need
9-13 cups per day
Kilocalorie (kcal) - Answer-heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water one
degree Celsius; also written as calorie
Simple sugar - Answer-monosaccharide or disaccharide in the diet
Complex carbohydrate - Answer-composed of many monosaccharide molecules, ex: glycogen, starch
and fiber
, Macronutrient - Answer-a nutrient needed in gram quantities in a diet
Micronutrient - Answer-a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet
Bond - Answer-a linkage between 2 atoms formed by the sharing of electrons or attractions
Fiber - Answer-substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the human
stomach or small intestine, add bulk to feces, fiber naturally found in foods is also called dietary fiber
Enzyme - Answer-a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered by the
reaction, almost all enzymes are proteins
Amino acid - Answer-the building block for proteins containing a central carbon atom with nitrogen and
other atoms attached
Inorganic - Answer-any substance lacking carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical
structure
Electrolytes - Answer-substances that separate into ions in water and, in turn, are able to conduct an
electrical current, include sodium, chloride and potassium
Solvent - Answer-a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve
Metabolism - Answer-chemical processes in the body by which energy is provided in useful forms and
viral activities are sustained
Phytochemical - Answer-a chemical found in plants, some might contribute to a reduced risk of cancer
or cardiovascular disease in people who consume them regularly
Hunger - Answer-the primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food, mostly regulated by
internal cues to eating
Cals per gram for carbs - Answer-4
Cals per gram from lipids - Answer-9
Cals per gram for proteins - Answer-4
Appetite - Answer-the primary physiological (external) influences that encourage us to find and eat food,
often in the absence of obvious hunger
Satiety - Answer-state in which there is no longer a desire to eat, a feeling of satisfaction
Nutrients - Answer-chemical substances in food that contribute to health, many of which are essential
parts of a diet, nutrients nourish us by providing calories to fulfill energy needs, materials for building
body parts, and factors to regulate necessary chemical processes in the body
Essential nutrient - Answer-in nutritional terms, a substance that, when left out of a diet, leads to signs
of poor health, the body either cannot produce this nutrient or cannot produce enough of it to meet its
needs, then if added back to a diet before permanent damage occurs, the affected aspects of health are
restored
,Glucose - Answer-a six-carbon sugar that exists in a ring form; found as such in blood, and in table sugar
bound to fructose; also known as dextrose, it is one of the simple sugars
Carbohydrate - Answer-a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Most are known
as sugars, starches and fibers
Lipid - Answer-a compound containing much carbon and hydrogen, little oxygen, and sometimes other
atoms, do not dissolve in water and include fats, oils and cholesterol
Protein - Answer-food and body compounds made of amino acids, proteins contain carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes other atoms, in a specific configuration, contains the form of nitrogen
most easily used by the human body
Vitamin - Answer-compound needed in very small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support
chemical reactions in the body
Mineral - Answer-element used to promote chemical reactions and to form body structures
Water - Answer-the universal solvent; chemically h2o, the body is composed of about 60% water, need
9-13 cups per day
Kilocalorie (kcal) - Answer-heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water one
degree Celsius; also written as calorie
Simple sugar - Answer-monosaccharide or disaccharide in the diet
Complex carbohydrate - Answer-composed of many monosaccharide molecules, ex: glycogen, starch
and fiber
, Macronutrient - Answer-a nutrient needed in gram quantities in a diet
Micronutrient - Answer-a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet
Bond - Answer-a linkage between 2 atoms formed by the sharing of electrons or attractions
Fiber - Answer-substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the human
stomach or small intestine, add bulk to feces, fiber naturally found in foods is also called dietary fiber
Enzyme - Answer-a compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered by the
reaction, almost all enzymes are proteins
Amino acid - Answer-the building block for proteins containing a central carbon atom with nitrogen and
other atoms attached
Inorganic - Answer-any substance lacking carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical
structure
Electrolytes - Answer-substances that separate into ions in water and, in turn, are able to conduct an
electrical current, include sodium, chloride and potassium
Solvent - Answer-a liquid substance in which other substances dissolve
Metabolism - Answer-chemical processes in the body by which energy is provided in useful forms and
viral activities are sustained
Phytochemical - Answer-a chemical found in plants, some might contribute to a reduced risk of cancer
or cardiovascular disease in people who consume them regularly
