NSD 225 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Chapter 6 Objectives - Correct Answers -• Explain what proteins are and why they are
important.
• Describe how your body digests and absorbs
proteins.
• Determine your daily protein needs
• Identify healthy sources of protein in the diet.
• Explain the health consequences of consuming too little or too much protein.
• Describe the benefits and risks of a vegetarian diet.
Protein - Correct Answers -• Compounds composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and
Nitrogen (CHON)
• Arranged in strands of amino acids (some of which contain sulfur)
Different from carbs and fats BC protein has N
Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Building block of protein, composed of an amino group
(N containing portion), an acid group, and a distinctive side chain
Structure of Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Side Group (varies)
IO
Amino Group H-N--C-- C-O-H Acid Group
H--H
Hooked together chemically
Order of amino acids ultimately determines the shape of the protein
Essential Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Amino acids that can't be produced by
naturally occurring processes quick enough, so must be apart of daily diet to get them
Sometimes non-essential proteins can become essential due to illness/poor intake of
other critical proteins
Non-essential - Correct Answers -The body can make some amino acids from
fragments of CHO or fat to form the backbones and nitrogen from other sources to form
the amine groups
,Peptide Bond - Correct Answers -Bond that connects one amino acid to another forming
a link a protein chain
Dipeptide, tripeptide- 2, 3 amino acids
Oligopeptide- 4-10 amino acids
Polypeptide- more than 10 amino acids
Protein organization - Correct Answers -Protein's final shape determine's it's purpose in
the body
Essential Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine,
Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine
Non-essential Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Alanine, Arginine*, Asparagine, Aspartic
Acid, Cysteine*, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine*, Glycine*, Proline*, Serine, Tyrosine*
*Considered conditionally essential
Denaturation of protein - Correct Answers -The unfolding or alteration of the shape of
the protein, which changes the structure and function of the protein
Examples: Cooking meat, cracking eggs, stomach aided digestion
Protein digestion - Correct Answers -Dietary proteins are digested and absorbed in
stomach and small intestine
Stomach acids denature the protein intro shorter polypeptides
Small intestine- polypeptides are broken down into tri and dipeptides, and amino acids
Amino acids enter blood and travel to the liver
Insulin is a protein - Correct Answers -Why do diabetics have to inject protein, rather
than take it orally?
Protein turnover - Correct Answers -Process of continuous breakdown and synthesis of
protein from its amino acids
Amino Acid Pools - Correct Answers -Collections of amino acids in the blood and in
cells needed for protein synthesis
For energy, synthesis of glucose or fatty acids, synthesis of non-protein molecules
containing nitrogen
Amino Acids can be used for synthesis of body proteins and non-protein substances
(melanin and thyroid hormones)
, Once anime groups are pissed out, amino acids can be used as energy, stored as fat,
and made into glucose
Protein Synthesis - Correct Answers -DNA in the cell's nucleus contains the instructions
for synthesis
mRNA and tRNA carry out the instructions for protein synthesis
Sickle Cell Anemia - Correct Answers -When abnormalities occur during protein
synthesis, serious medical conditions
may result
Valine not Glutamine
Roles of Proteins - Correct Answers -
Provide structural and mechanical support and maintenance - Correct Answers -
Proteins are your body's building materials, providing strength and flexibility to your
tissues, tendons, ligaments, muscles, organs, bones, nails, hair, and skin. Proteins are
needed for the ongoing
maintenance of your body.
Build Enzymes and Hormones - Correct Answers -Proteins are needed to make most
enzymes that
speed up reactions in your body and many hormones that direct specific activities, such
as regulating your blood glucose level.
Maintain fluid balance - Correct Answers -Proteins play a major role in ensuring that
your body fluids are evenly dispersed in your blood and inside and outside your cells.
Maintain acid balance - Correct Answers -Proteins act as buffers to help keep the pH of
your
body fluids balanced within a tight range. A drop in
pH will cause your body fluids to become too acidic, whereas a rise in pH can make
them too basic.
Tranport substances - Correct Answers -Proteins shuttle substances such as oxygen,
waste
products, and nutrients through your blood and into and out of your cells.
Provide antibodies for the immune response - Correct Answers -Proteins create
specialized antibodies that attack
pathogens in your body that can make you sick
Provide energy - Correct Answers -Because proteins provide 4 calories per gram, they
can be used as fuel or energy in your body
ANSWERS
Chapter 6 Objectives - Correct Answers -• Explain what proteins are and why they are
important.
• Describe how your body digests and absorbs
proteins.
• Determine your daily protein needs
• Identify healthy sources of protein in the diet.
• Explain the health consequences of consuming too little or too much protein.
• Describe the benefits and risks of a vegetarian diet.
Protein - Correct Answers -• Compounds composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and
Nitrogen (CHON)
• Arranged in strands of amino acids (some of which contain sulfur)
Different from carbs and fats BC protein has N
Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Building block of protein, composed of an amino group
(N containing portion), an acid group, and a distinctive side chain
Structure of Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Side Group (varies)
IO
Amino Group H-N--C-- C-O-H Acid Group
H--H
Hooked together chemically
Order of amino acids ultimately determines the shape of the protein
Essential Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Amino acids that can't be produced by
naturally occurring processes quick enough, so must be apart of daily diet to get them
Sometimes non-essential proteins can become essential due to illness/poor intake of
other critical proteins
Non-essential - Correct Answers -The body can make some amino acids from
fragments of CHO or fat to form the backbones and nitrogen from other sources to form
the amine groups
,Peptide Bond - Correct Answers -Bond that connects one amino acid to another forming
a link a protein chain
Dipeptide, tripeptide- 2, 3 amino acids
Oligopeptide- 4-10 amino acids
Polypeptide- more than 10 amino acids
Protein organization - Correct Answers -Protein's final shape determine's it's purpose in
the body
Essential Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine,
Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine
Non-essential Amino Acids - Correct Answers -Alanine, Arginine*, Asparagine, Aspartic
Acid, Cysteine*, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine*, Glycine*, Proline*, Serine, Tyrosine*
*Considered conditionally essential
Denaturation of protein - Correct Answers -The unfolding or alteration of the shape of
the protein, which changes the structure and function of the protein
Examples: Cooking meat, cracking eggs, stomach aided digestion
Protein digestion - Correct Answers -Dietary proteins are digested and absorbed in
stomach and small intestine
Stomach acids denature the protein intro shorter polypeptides
Small intestine- polypeptides are broken down into tri and dipeptides, and amino acids
Amino acids enter blood and travel to the liver
Insulin is a protein - Correct Answers -Why do diabetics have to inject protein, rather
than take it orally?
Protein turnover - Correct Answers -Process of continuous breakdown and synthesis of
protein from its amino acids
Amino Acid Pools - Correct Answers -Collections of amino acids in the blood and in
cells needed for protein synthesis
For energy, synthesis of glucose or fatty acids, synthesis of non-protein molecules
containing nitrogen
Amino Acids can be used for synthesis of body proteins and non-protein substances
(melanin and thyroid hormones)
, Once anime groups are pissed out, amino acids can be used as energy, stored as fat,
and made into glucose
Protein Synthesis - Correct Answers -DNA in the cell's nucleus contains the instructions
for synthesis
mRNA and tRNA carry out the instructions for protein synthesis
Sickle Cell Anemia - Correct Answers -When abnormalities occur during protein
synthesis, serious medical conditions
may result
Valine not Glutamine
Roles of Proteins - Correct Answers -
Provide structural and mechanical support and maintenance - Correct Answers -
Proteins are your body's building materials, providing strength and flexibility to your
tissues, tendons, ligaments, muscles, organs, bones, nails, hair, and skin. Proteins are
needed for the ongoing
maintenance of your body.
Build Enzymes and Hormones - Correct Answers -Proteins are needed to make most
enzymes that
speed up reactions in your body and many hormones that direct specific activities, such
as regulating your blood glucose level.
Maintain fluid balance - Correct Answers -Proteins play a major role in ensuring that
your body fluids are evenly dispersed in your blood and inside and outside your cells.
Maintain acid balance - Correct Answers -Proteins act as buffers to help keep the pH of
your
body fluids balanced within a tight range. A drop in
pH will cause your body fluids to become too acidic, whereas a rise in pH can make
them too basic.
Tranport substances - Correct Answers -Proteins shuttle substances such as oxygen,
waste
products, and nutrients through your blood and into and out of your cells.
Provide antibodies for the immune response - Correct Answers -Proteins create
specialized antibodies that attack
pathogens in your body that can make you sick
Provide energy - Correct Answers -Because proteins provide 4 calories per gram, they
can be used as fuel or energy in your body
