Aural Rehab Final Exam QUESTIONS
N ANSWERS 2025/2026
As of 2003, why was there little prospective research on outcomes of infants and toddlers with
hearing loss? - correct answer ✔✔Until around the 1990s, the average age of identification of
hearing loss was approximately 2 years of age
What area of language development was significantly different between the screened and no-
screened groups, as described by Yoshinaga-Itano? - correct answer ✔✔Vocabulary, Syntax,
Speech production
In the section on cognition and language, the authors describe a seminal study by Yoshinaga-
Itano et al. (1998). What was the primary finding of that study? - correct answer ✔✔Early-
identified children with additional disabilities had language outcomes that were similar to late-
identified children with no disabilities
True/False:
Advantages gained by early identification only occur in children who are exposed to an auditory-
oral intervention approach. - correct answer ✔✔False
True/false:
The majority of children in the Holte et al. study met all 1-3-6 guidelines for children who fail
the newborn hearing screen. - correct answer ✔✔False
What are the 1-3-6 benchmarks, as described by JCIH and AAP? - correct answer ✔✔1 month -
all children screened for hearing loss
3 months - all children who fail NHS have hearing loss confirmed through diagnostic testing
6 months - children with confirmed hearing loss enter early intervention
,What makes it difficult to get families to follow up, after their child fails the newborn hearing
screen? - correct answer ✔✔They see their infant responding to sounds and think there isn't a
problem with hearing.
What are the findings from Holte et al.? - correct answer ✔✔None of the independent variables
predicted age at entry into early intervention
Higher SES is associated with younger ages at confirmation and HA fitting
100% of research participants failed the newborn hearing screen
What was the most common reason for delays in the EDHI process? - correct answer
✔✔Multiple rescreenings
Write out these acronyms:
a. UNHS c. ABR
b. EHDI d. OAE - correct answer ✔✔UNHS - universal newborn hearing screening
EHDI - early hearing detection and intervention
ABR - auditory brainstem response
OAE - otoacoustic emissions
Looking at the maternal education level data reported in Table 2, what generalization can you
make about this particular sample of children with hearing loss? - correct answer ✔✔It was an
advantaged sample of children
Children in the Fulcher et al. study who failed to attend therapy sessions or did not wear their
sensory aid on a consistent basis were excluded from the data analysis. What affect does this
exclusion have when determining the effects of auditory-verbal therapy (AVT) on language
outcomes? - correct answer ✔✔It biases the results in favor of AVT
, What is an example of a non-malleable factor? - correct answer ✔✔Degree of hearing loss
True/False:
Results suggested that early-identified children with severe hearing loss outperformed late-
identified children with mild hearing loss. - correct answer ✔✔True
Identify one limitation of the Fulcher et al. study, as stated by the authors. - correct answer
✔✔High maternal education level, EI group had access to better technology
Josie age 23 months is beginning to combine words. She primarily uses phrases such as "big
cookie" "silly doggie" in her interactions at home. What type of semantic syntactic word classes
has Josie mastered? - correct answer ✔✔Attribute + entity
For a young baby, according to Easterbrooks and Estes, the main brain task that is important is: -
correct answer ✔✔Detection
Jamal is a 15 month old with newly diagnosed severe to profound bilateral SN HL. You just saw
him for an audiological appointment. During the evaluation you heard him verbally producing:
"ee", "uh oh", and "baba" for mama. You might expect him in a few months to produce which of
the following first? - correct answer ✔✔Different vowels and consonant strings or
Conversational babble/jargon
True/False:
Typically, more later identified children with hearing loss tend to be slow mappers. - correct
answer ✔✔True
True/False:
Incidental learning is critical for generalization and has greatest importance for school-aged
children. - correct answer ✔✔False
N ANSWERS 2025/2026
As of 2003, why was there little prospective research on outcomes of infants and toddlers with
hearing loss? - correct answer ✔✔Until around the 1990s, the average age of identification of
hearing loss was approximately 2 years of age
What area of language development was significantly different between the screened and no-
screened groups, as described by Yoshinaga-Itano? - correct answer ✔✔Vocabulary, Syntax,
Speech production
In the section on cognition and language, the authors describe a seminal study by Yoshinaga-
Itano et al. (1998). What was the primary finding of that study? - correct answer ✔✔Early-
identified children with additional disabilities had language outcomes that were similar to late-
identified children with no disabilities
True/False:
Advantages gained by early identification only occur in children who are exposed to an auditory-
oral intervention approach. - correct answer ✔✔False
True/false:
The majority of children in the Holte et al. study met all 1-3-6 guidelines for children who fail
the newborn hearing screen. - correct answer ✔✔False
What are the 1-3-6 benchmarks, as described by JCIH and AAP? - correct answer ✔✔1 month -
all children screened for hearing loss
3 months - all children who fail NHS have hearing loss confirmed through diagnostic testing
6 months - children with confirmed hearing loss enter early intervention
,What makes it difficult to get families to follow up, after their child fails the newborn hearing
screen? - correct answer ✔✔They see their infant responding to sounds and think there isn't a
problem with hearing.
What are the findings from Holte et al.? - correct answer ✔✔None of the independent variables
predicted age at entry into early intervention
Higher SES is associated with younger ages at confirmation and HA fitting
100% of research participants failed the newborn hearing screen
What was the most common reason for delays in the EDHI process? - correct answer
✔✔Multiple rescreenings
Write out these acronyms:
a. UNHS c. ABR
b. EHDI d. OAE - correct answer ✔✔UNHS - universal newborn hearing screening
EHDI - early hearing detection and intervention
ABR - auditory brainstem response
OAE - otoacoustic emissions
Looking at the maternal education level data reported in Table 2, what generalization can you
make about this particular sample of children with hearing loss? - correct answer ✔✔It was an
advantaged sample of children
Children in the Fulcher et al. study who failed to attend therapy sessions or did not wear their
sensory aid on a consistent basis were excluded from the data analysis. What affect does this
exclusion have when determining the effects of auditory-verbal therapy (AVT) on language
outcomes? - correct answer ✔✔It biases the results in favor of AVT
, What is an example of a non-malleable factor? - correct answer ✔✔Degree of hearing loss
True/False:
Results suggested that early-identified children with severe hearing loss outperformed late-
identified children with mild hearing loss. - correct answer ✔✔True
Identify one limitation of the Fulcher et al. study, as stated by the authors. - correct answer
✔✔High maternal education level, EI group had access to better technology
Josie age 23 months is beginning to combine words. She primarily uses phrases such as "big
cookie" "silly doggie" in her interactions at home. What type of semantic syntactic word classes
has Josie mastered? - correct answer ✔✔Attribute + entity
For a young baby, according to Easterbrooks and Estes, the main brain task that is important is: -
correct answer ✔✔Detection
Jamal is a 15 month old with newly diagnosed severe to profound bilateral SN HL. You just saw
him for an audiological appointment. During the evaluation you heard him verbally producing:
"ee", "uh oh", and "baba" for mama. You might expect him in a few months to produce which of
the following first? - correct answer ✔✔Different vowels and consonant strings or
Conversational babble/jargon
True/False:
Typically, more later identified children with hearing loss tend to be slow mappers. - correct
answer ✔✔True
True/False:
Incidental learning is critical for generalization and has greatest importance for school-aged
children. - correct answer ✔✔False
