NREMT Airway Management and Ventilation
1.Airway management and ventilation are...: FIRST and MOST critical
steps in assessment of every patient you encounter.
2.Lower airway anatomy: trachea (C-shaped
rings) bronchi (main stems)
bronchioles (bronchiole rings)-have unique property: stimulated by
drugs alveoli (perfusion takes place)-surfactant keeps them open
lung parenchyma
pleura (parietal and visceral)
3.Upper airway anatomy:
nose nasal cavity
para-nasal
sinus
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharyn
x larynx
4.Pediatric airway is different because...: smaller
jaw larger tongue
cricoid cartilage is narrowest part of airway
,epiglottis is rounder and floppier
5.respiration is...: the exchange of gases between organisms and it's
environment
6.ventilation is....: the mechanical process of moving air IN and OUT of th
lungs
7.Pulmonary Circulation is...: the perfusion of O2 and CO2
8.Diffusion...: movement of gas from an area of HIGHER
CONCENTRATION to area of lower concentration
9.Diffusion transfers gases between???: LUNGS and
BLOOD and
BLOOD and PERIPHERAL TISSUES
10.Normal arterial pressures: oxygen(PaO2)=100
torr Carbon dioxide(PaCO2)=35-45 avg.=40
11.SPO2 and ETCO2: SPO2=94-
100 ETCO2=40
12.Factors affecting O2 concentration in Blood...: decreased hemoglobin
con- centration
inadequate alveolar ventilation
, decreased diffusion across pulmonary membrane, when diffusion
distance increas- es, or pulmonary membrane changes
Ventilation/perfusion mismatch occurs when portion of alveoli collapses
13.Factors affecting CO2 concentrations in Blood...: Lowers CO2 levels are
due to increased respiratory rates or deeper respiration or
hyperventilation
and
Higher CO2 levels are caused by: fever, muscle exertion, shivering, or
metabolic processes resulting in the formation of metabolic acids
14.So, a pt. w/ a PaCO2 of 30 will be...: ALKALOTIC thus decreasing
respiratory rate...
15.Respiratory Rate: is INVOLUNTARY however can be VOLUNTARILY
con- trolled.
chemical and physical mechanisms provide involuntary impulses to
correct breath- ing irregularities
16.chemoreceptors are located in...: carotid
bodies arch of the aorta
and medulla
17.baroreceptors in carotid artery: regulate BP
stimulated by decreased PaCO2, increased PaCO2, and decreased PH
1.Airway management and ventilation are...: FIRST and MOST critical
steps in assessment of every patient you encounter.
2.Lower airway anatomy: trachea (C-shaped
rings) bronchi (main stems)
bronchioles (bronchiole rings)-have unique property: stimulated by
drugs alveoli (perfusion takes place)-surfactant keeps them open
lung parenchyma
pleura (parietal and visceral)
3.Upper airway anatomy:
nose nasal cavity
para-nasal
sinus
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharyn
x larynx
4.Pediatric airway is different because...: smaller
jaw larger tongue
cricoid cartilage is narrowest part of airway
,epiglottis is rounder and floppier
5.respiration is...: the exchange of gases between organisms and it's
environment
6.ventilation is....: the mechanical process of moving air IN and OUT of th
lungs
7.Pulmonary Circulation is...: the perfusion of O2 and CO2
8.Diffusion...: movement of gas from an area of HIGHER
CONCENTRATION to area of lower concentration
9.Diffusion transfers gases between???: LUNGS and
BLOOD and
BLOOD and PERIPHERAL TISSUES
10.Normal arterial pressures: oxygen(PaO2)=100
torr Carbon dioxide(PaCO2)=35-45 avg.=40
11.SPO2 and ETCO2: SPO2=94-
100 ETCO2=40
12.Factors affecting O2 concentration in Blood...: decreased hemoglobin
con- centration
inadequate alveolar ventilation
, decreased diffusion across pulmonary membrane, when diffusion
distance increas- es, or pulmonary membrane changes
Ventilation/perfusion mismatch occurs when portion of alveoli collapses
13.Factors affecting CO2 concentrations in Blood...: Lowers CO2 levels are
due to increased respiratory rates or deeper respiration or
hyperventilation
and
Higher CO2 levels are caused by: fever, muscle exertion, shivering, or
metabolic processes resulting in the formation of metabolic acids
14.So, a pt. w/ a PaCO2 of 30 will be...: ALKALOTIC thus decreasing
respiratory rate...
15.Respiratory Rate: is INVOLUNTARY however can be VOLUNTARILY
con- trolled.
chemical and physical mechanisms provide involuntary impulses to
correct breath- ing irregularities
16.chemoreceptors are located in...: carotid
bodies arch of the aorta
and medulla
17.baroreceptors in carotid artery: regulate BP
stimulated by decreased PaCO2, increased PaCO2, and decreased PH
