May/June 2019
QUESTION 1
1.1
REFRACTION ERRORS-
This is one of the commonly known eye conditions. The eye has three refraction media
which are; the cornea, the lens and the aqueous humour. The cornea’s curve is constant
whilst the lens’s curve might change according to how far or near the distance of the object
is from the eye.
There are three main refraction errors namely; nearsightedness or myopia, farsightedness or
hyperopia and astigmatism.
CATARACTS-
In today’s times mostly old people experience cataracts. However, this eye condition can
occur in children too. A cataract grows as a layer which clouds and blurs the lens.
NYSTAGMUS-
This is an eye condition which cannot be controlled. It is the involuntary movement when the
learner is focused on near vision tasks. The movement can be jerky and to and fro. Learners
try to compensate for the by holding the book very close to their face and moving back and
forth.
ALBINISM -
Individuals with albinism have white skin, white hair, and white eyebrows and white
eyelashes. This occurs due to a deficiency of the melanin pigment in the retina, iris and
choroid. It is noticeable from birth and does not worsen. Those with this skin condition need
to take care in bright spaces and when in the sunshine.
CONJUNCTIVITUS-
This is when the membrane covering the surface of the eye becomes infected. Most times it
occurs due to a virus and at other times it can be due to chemical reactions, bacteria and
parasites. These infections make the conjunctiva irritated, red and itchy.
There are times where it is difficult to spot learners with low vision. Learners with low vision
can be identified by their appearance, behaviour and the complaints they make.
BEHAVIOUR-
The learner will usually tilt the head or moves its chin forward or will shut or cover one eye
and seem to be looking carefully. The learner may rub the eyes often. You will notice the
learner feels irritable and blinks more when doing near vision activities. Learners with low
1
QUESTION 1
1.1
REFRACTION ERRORS-
This is one of the commonly known eye conditions. The eye has three refraction media
which are; the cornea, the lens and the aqueous humour. The cornea’s curve is constant
whilst the lens’s curve might change according to how far or near the distance of the object
is from the eye.
There are three main refraction errors namely; nearsightedness or myopia, farsightedness or
hyperopia and astigmatism.
CATARACTS-
In today’s times mostly old people experience cataracts. However, this eye condition can
occur in children too. A cataract grows as a layer which clouds and blurs the lens.
NYSTAGMUS-
This is an eye condition which cannot be controlled. It is the involuntary movement when the
learner is focused on near vision tasks. The movement can be jerky and to and fro. Learners
try to compensate for the by holding the book very close to their face and moving back and
forth.
ALBINISM -
Individuals with albinism have white skin, white hair, and white eyebrows and white
eyelashes. This occurs due to a deficiency of the melanin pigment in the retina, iris and
choroid. It is noticeable from birth and does not worsen. Those with this skin condition need
to take care in bright spaces and when in the sunshine.
CONJUNCTIVITUS-
This is when the membrane covering the surface of the eye becomes infected. Most times it
occurs due to a virus and at other times it can be due to chemical reactions, bacteria and
parasites. These infections make the conjunctiva irritated, red and itchy.
There are times where it is difficult to spot learners with low vision. Learners with low vision
can be identified by their appearance, behaviour and the complaints they make.
BEHAVIOUR-
The learner will usually tilt the head or moves its chin forward or will shut or cover one eye
and seem to be looking carefully. The learner may rub the eyes often. You will notice the
learner feels irritable and blinks more when doing near vision activities. Learners with low
1
