Pulmonary Function Tests/Spirometry: What can cause it to vary? - ANSWER Age
Sex
Height
Weight
Pulmonary Function Tests/Spirometry: Used to evaluate - ANSWER Peop eval of lungs
and pulmonary reserve
response to bronchodilator therapy
differentiate between restrictive and obstructive chronic pulmonary disease
Determine capacity of lungs
Inhalation allergy tests
Pulmonary Function Tests/Spirometry: What tests do they include? -
ANSWER Spirometry
Airflow measurement
Lung volume
Lung capacity
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) - ANSWER Amount of air that can be forcefully expelled
from a maximally inflated lung position.
What does a reduced forced vital capacity suggest? - ANSWER Obstructive and
restrictive pulmonary diseases.
1
,Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) - ANSWER Volume of air expelled during
the first second of FVC
What are the findings of FEV1 in obstructive pulmonary disease? - ANSWER Airways
are narrowed
Resistance to flow is high
Numbers of FEV1 are less than predicted because not so much air can be expelled in 1
second.
FEV1: What are the findings in restrictive lung disease? - ANSWER Decreased because
amount of air originally inhaled is low, instead of airway resistance.
What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive lung disease? - ANSWER 80%.
What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive lung disease? - ANSWER Less than 80%
Under what condition will the FEV1 value reliably improve? - ANSWER With
bronchodilator therapy with a spastic component to obstructive pulmonary disease exists.
Normal results of Spirometry - ANSWER Greater than 80% of expected value
Airflow rate: When is it considered diminished? - ANSWER Less than 60% of normal.
What helps to increase airflow rate and by how much? - ANSWER 20% by with
bronchodilator
Diagnosis of COPD requires what? - ANSWER Demonstration of persistent airflow
limitation based on spirometry testing.
After bronchodilator, FEV1/FVC of less than 70%.
2
,Classification of COPD severity is based on what? - ANSWER Assessment of spirometry
testing at regular intervals
COPD Risk factors - ANSWER Smoking
Pollution exposure
Genetic predispostion
How does COPD compare with asthma? - ANSWER Onset later in life.
Slower progression of symptoms.
Poorer response to inhaled therapy.
Polysomnography - ANSWER Sleep study
When is a polysomnography indicated? - ANSWER When any person:
snores excessively
Experiences narcolepsy
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Insomnia
Motor spasms while sleeping
Cardiac rhythm disturbances when sleeping.
What does a polysomnography test most commonly diagnose? - ANSWER Sleep apnea
What is a actigraphy? - ANSWER A watch that can be worn a few nights at home
What is a bronchoscopy used for? - ANSWER Performing diagnostic and therapeutic
procedures
3
, What can you use a bronchoscopy for? - ANSWER Visualization of a tracheobronchial
tree
Transbronchial and Endobronchial biopsy
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Removal of foreign bodies
Clots
Mucus plugs
Deployment of metallic stents.
Aspiration of deep sputum
Bleeding control
What are some indications of bronchoscopy? - ANSWER hemoptysis
malignancy
interstitial lung disease
pulmonary infections
Pleural effusion
Pleural Tap - ANSWER Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis
Why would you use a pleural tap? - ANSWER To determine the cause of an
unexplained pleural effusion
To relieve the intrathoracic pressure that accumulates with a large volume of fluid and
inhibits respiration.
What are transudates most frequently caused by? - ANSWER Congestive heart failure
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome
4
Sex
Height
Weight
Pulmonary Function Tests/Spirometry: Used to evaluate - ANSWER Peop eval of lungs
and pulmonary reserve
response to bronchodilator therapy
differentiate between restrictive and obstructive chronic pulmonary disease
Determine capacity of lungs
Inhalation allergy tests
Pulmonary Function Tests/Spirometry: What tests do they include? -
ANSWER Spirometry
Airflow measurement
Lung volume
Lung capacity
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) - ANSWER Amount of air that can be forcefully expelled
from a maximally inflated lung position.
What does a reduced forced vital capacity suggest? - ANSWER Obstructive and
restrictive pulmonary diseases.
1
,Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) - ANSWER Volume of air expelled during
the first second of FVC
What are the findings of FEV1 in obstructive pulmonary disease? - ANSWER Airways
are narrowed
Resistance to flow is high
Numbers of FEV1 are less than predicted because not so much air can be expelled in 1
second.
FEV1: What are the findings in restrictive lung disease? - ANSWER Decreased because
amount of air originally inhaled is low, instead of airway resistance.
What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive lung disease? - ANSWER 80%.
What is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive lung disease? - ANSWER Less than 80%
Under what condition will the FEV1 value reliably improve? - ANSWER With
bronchodilator therapy with a spastic component to obstructive pulmonary disease exists.
Normal results of Spirometry - ANSWER Greater than 80% of expected value
Airflow rate: When is it considered diminished? - ANSWER Less than 60% of normal.
What helps to increase airflow rate and by how much? - ANSWER 20% by with
bronchodilator
Diagnosis of COPD requires what? - ANSWER Demonstration of persistent airflow
limitation based on spirometry testing.
After bronchodilator, FEV1/FVC of less than 70%.
2
,Classification of COPD severity is based on what? - ANSWER Assessment of spirometry
testing at regular intervals
COPD Risk factors - ANSWER Smoking
Pollution exposure
Genetic predispostion
How does COPD compare with asthma? - ANSWER Onset later in life.
Slower progression of symptoms.
Poorer response to inhaled therapy.
Polysomnography - ANSWER Sleep study
When is a polysomnography indicated? - ANSWER When any person:
snores excessively
Experiences narcolepsy
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Insomnia
Motor spasms while sleeping
Cardiac rhythm disturbances when sleeping.
What does a polysomnography test most commonly diagnose? - ANSWER Sleep apnea
What is a actigraphy? - ANSWER A watch that can be worn a few nights at home
What is a bronchoscopy used for? - ANSWER Performing diagnostic and therapeutic
procedures
3
, What can you use a bronchoscopy for? - ANSWER Visualization of a tracheobronchial
tree
Transbronchial and Endobronchial biopsy
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Removal of foreign bodies
Clots
Mucus plugs
Deployment of metallic stents.
Aspiration of deep sputum
Bleeding control
What are some indications of bronchoscopy? - ANSWER hemoptysis
malignancy
interstitial lung disease
pulmonary infections
Pleural effusion
Pleural Tap - ANSWER Thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis
Why would you use a pleural tap? - ANSWER To determine the cause of an
unexplained pleural effusion
To relieve the intrathoracic pressure that accumulates with a large volume of fluid and
inhibits respiration.
What are transudates most frequently caused by? - ANSWER Congestive heart failure
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome
4
