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Samenvatting biologische psychologie 2

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December 12, 2025
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Number of pages
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BIOLOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE
Docent: Elien Heleven

Margo Victorine Vandenplas
2BA psychologie




BIOLOGISCHE
PSYCHOLOGIE
2025 - 2026

,Inhoud
Inleiding................................................................................................................... 5
Zintuigen ................................................................................................................. 5
Zicht ........................................................................................................................ 9
1. Oog ............................................................................................................... 9
1.1 de stimulus: licht ......................................................................................... 9
1.2 Anatomie van het oog ................................................................................. 10
1.3 de retina .................................................................................................... 11
2. Hersenregio’s betrokken bij visuele processen ............................................... 16
2.1 overzicht van het visuele circuit ................................................................... 16
2.2 LGN .......................................................................................................... 17
2.3 cortex striata – V1 – primaire visuele cortex .................................................. 18
2.4 cortex extrastriata ...................................................................................... 18
3. Kleurperceptie ............................................................................................. 19
3.1 ganglioncellen: licht & donker voor perceptie van helderheid ................... 19
3.2 waarneming van tint .............................................................................. 23
3.3 LGN – cortex striata ............................................................................... 26
3.4 cortex extrastriata ................................................................................. 26
4. vormperceptie ............................................................................................. 28
4.1 spatiale frequentie ................................................................................ 28
4.2 cortex striata ............................................................................................. 32
4.2 cortex extrastriata ................................................................................. 33
5. Perceptie van spatiale locatie ....................................................................... 37
5.1 rol van retina ......................................................................................... 37
5.2 cortex striata......................................................................................... 37
5.3 cortex extrastriata ................................................................................. 37
6. Perceptie van beweging ................................................................................ 39
6.1 cortex striata ............................................................................................ 39
6.2 cortex extrastriata ................................................................................. 39
Hoofdstuk 2 : gehoor, evenwicht, tast, smaak en geur ............................................... 41
1. gehoor ............................................................................................................ 41
1.1 de stimulus: geluid ..................................................................................... 41

1

, 1.2 anatomie van het oor .................................................................................. 41
1.3 haarcellen en transductie ........................................................................... 44
1.4 Het auditieve circuit ................................................................................... 46
1.5 Toonhoogte................................................................................................ 49
1.6 Volume...................................................................................................... 49
1.7 Timbre ....................................................................................................... 50
1.8 Spatiale locatie .......................................................................................... 50
1.9 complexe geluiden ..................................................................................... 51
2. Evenwicht ....................................................................................................... 53
2.1 Anatomie van het vestibulaire systeem ........................................................ 53
2.2 Vestibulaire circuit ..................................................................................... 55
3. voelen ............................................................................................................ 57
3.1 De stimuli .................................................................................................. 57
3.2 Anatomie van de huid ................................................................................. 57
3.3 Stimulatie van de huid ................................................................................ 60
3.4 Het somatosensorische circuit ................................................................... 61
3.5 Pijn ........................................................................................................... 63
4. Smaak ............................................................................................................ 71
4.1 De stimuli .................................................................................................. 71
4.2 Anatomie van smaakpapillen en smaakcellen .............................................. 71
4.3 Smaak perceptie ........................................................................................ 71
4.4 Smaakcircuit ............................................................................................. 72
5. Geur ............................................................................................................... 74
5.1 stimulus .................................................................................................... 74
5.2 Anatomie van het olfactieve apparaat .......................................................... 76
5.3 Transductie................................................................................................ 78
5.4 Perceptie van geuren .................................................................................. 79
Hoofdstuk 3: Motorisch systeem ............................................................................. 81
1. Skeletspieren .................................................................................................. 81
1.1 anatomie ................................................................................................... 81
1.2 Contractie ................................................................................................. 81
1.3 Sensorische feedback ................................................................................ 82

2

, 2. Motoriek en het ruggenmerg ............................................................................. 83
2.1 Monosynaptische reflex .............................................................................. 83
1.2 Polysynaptische reflex ................................................................................ 84
3. Motoriek en het brein ....................................................................................... 84
3.1 Dalende banen .......................................................................................... 84
3.2 Corticale structuren ................................................................................... 85
3.3 De motorische associatiecortex .................................................................. 86
3.4 Subcorticale structuren .............................................................................. 90
4. Complexe motoriek ......................................................................................... 97
4.1 Spiegelneuronen ........................................................................................ 97
4.2 Corollary discharge ...................................................................................100
Stress ...................................................................................................................105
1. Inleiding.........................................................................................................105
1.2 Stress – respons ........................................................................................105
2. Fysiologie ......................................................................................................107
2.1 Stress – respons ........................................................................................107
3. Stress en evolutie ...........................................................................................109
3.1 Parallellen tussen soorten .........................................................................109
3.2 Trade – offs ...............................................................................................109
3.3 stress en vroege ervaringen ........................................................................109
4. Prenatale stress en zorg ..................................................................................110
4.1 prenatale stress ........................................................................................110
4.2 Rol van zorg ..............................................................................................111
4.3 impact op hippocampus ............................................................................112
5. stress, de mens en psychopathologie ..............................................................112
5.1 adaptiviteit van de stressrespons… ............................................................112
5.2 invloeden op mentale stress ......................................................................113
5.3 Psychopathologie .....................................................................................113
5.4 Adaptiviteit revisted...................................................................................114
5.5 LT gezondheidseffecten van stress .............................................................114
5.6 Psycho – neuro – immunologie ...................................................................115
Slaap en biologische ritmes ...................................................................................118

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