NSG122 / NSG 122 Exam 3
Nursing Fundamental Concepts
Questions and Verified Answers
Correct Grade A - Herzing
1. NPO patients' diet:
A) Nothing per mouth; patients can have IV fluids to maintain hydration
and minimal caloric intake.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: NPO (nothing by mouth) means no oral intake; IV fluids
support hydration and minimal calories.
2. Regular diet:
A) Appropriate for patients without special needs; provides about 2000
calories and balanced nutrients.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: The regular diet is balanced and suitable for general
nutritional needs.
3. Diets modified by consistency:
A) Clear liquid diet
B) Full liquid diet
C) Mechanical soft diet
,D) Pureed diet
Correct Answer All options listed
Explanation: These diets are modified based on the patient's chewing or
swallowing ability.
4. Clear liquid diet:
A) Provides hydration and simple carbohydrates for energy, such as
water, broth, coffee, tea, clear fruit juices, gelatin, popsicles, clear
sports drinks, electrolyte drinks.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Clear liquids are used for hydration and energy, especially
before procedures or surgery.
5. Full liquid diet:
A) Includes all clear liquids plus opaque liquids that become liquid at
room temperature, such as cream soups, milk, ice cream, yogurt,
milkshakes, custards, fruit juices, protein drinks, liquid supplements,
refined cereals.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Full liquids are more nutritionally complete than clear
liquids.
6. Mechanical soft diet:
A) For patients with chewing difficulties; includes all liquids, pureed
,foods, ground or finely diced meats, soft cheeses, cooked vegetables,
soft fruits, mashed potatoes, oatmeal, pancakes, soft bread, crackers,
cooked vegetables, bananas.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: This diet eases chewing and swallowing challenges.
7. Pureed diet:
A) Processed in a blender or food processor; includes liquids, scrambled
eggs, pureed meats, vegetables, fruits, mashed potatoes, gravy,
applesauce, baby foods.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Pureed diets are for patients with severe swallowing
difficulties.
8. Diabetic diets:
A) Manage calorie and carbohydrate intake for patients with diabetes,
especially insulin-dependent individuals.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Controlling carbohydrate intake is key in diabetes
management.
9. Calorie-restricted diets:
A) For patients needing weight loss; limits caloric intake.
, Correct Answer A
Explanation: Calorie restriction promotes weight loss.
10. Sodium-restricted diets:
A) For patients with hypertension, CHF, kidney or liver failure; limits
sodium to prevent fluid retention.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Sodium reduction helps control fluid balance and blood
pressure.
11. Fat-restricted diets:
A) For patients with fat malabsorption (e.g., gallbladder, liver, pancreas
disorders) or high triglycerides/lipids; limits dietary fat.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Reducing fat intake aids digestion and lipid levels.
12. Fiber-restricted diets:
A) During acute intestinal disorders; minimizes fiber to reduce bowel
activity and prevent obstruction.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Fiber can exacerbate symptoms or interfere with healing.
13. Renal diets:
A) For patients with renal insufficiency; manages fluids, electrolytes,
Nursing Fundamental Concepts
Questions and Verified Answers
Correct Grade A - Herzing
1. NPO patients' diet:
A) Nothing per mouth; patients can have IV fluids to maintain hydration
and minimal caloric intake.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: NPO (nothing by mouth) means no oral intake; IV fluids
support hydration and minimal calories.
2. Regular diet:
A) Appropriate for patients without special needs; provides about 2000
calories and balanced nutrients.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: The regular diet is balanced and suitable for general
nutritional needs.
3. Diets modified by consistency:
A) Clear liquid diet
B) Full liquid diet
C) Mechanical soft diet
,D) Pureed diet
Correct Answer All options listed
Explanation: These diets are modified based on the patient's chewing or
swallowing ability.
4. Clear liquid diet:
A) Provides hydration and simple carbohydrates for energy, such as
water, broth, coffee, tea, clear fruit juices, gelatin, popsicles, clear
sports drinks, electrolyte drinks.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Clear liquids are used for hydration and energy, especially
before procedures or surgery.
5. Full liquid diet:
A) Includes all clear liquids plus opaque liquids that become liquid at
room temperature, such as cream soups, milk, ice cream, yogurt,
milkshakes, custards, fruit juices, protein drinks, liquid supplements,
refined cereals.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Full liquids are more nutritionally complete than clear
liquids.
6. Mechanical soft diet:
A) For patients with chewing difficulties; includes all liquids, pureed
,foods, ground or finely diced meats, soft cheeses, cooked vegetables,
soft fruits, mashed potatoes, oatmeal, pancakes, soft bread, crackers,
cooked vegetables, bananas.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: This diet eases chewing and swallowing challenges.
7. Pureed diet:
A) Processed in a blender or food processor; includes liquids, scrambled
eggs, pureed meats, vegetables, fruits, mashed potatoes, gravy,
applesauce, baby foods.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Pureed diets are for patients with severe swallowing
difficulties.
8. Diabetic diets:
A) Manage calorie and carbohydrate intake for patients with diabetes,
especially insulin-dependent individuals.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Controlling carbohydrate intake is key in diabetes
management.
9. Calorie-restricted diets:
A) For patients needing weight loss; limits caloric intake.
, Correct Answer A
Explanation: Calorie restriction promotes weight loss.
10. Sodium-restricted diets:
A) For patients with hypertension, CHF, kidney or liver failure; limits
sodium to prevent fluid retention.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Sodium reduction helps control fluid balance and blood
pressure.
11. Fat-restricted diets:
A) For patients with fat malabsorption (e.g., gallbladder, liver, pancreas
disorders) or high triglycerides/lipids; limits dietary fat.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Reducing fat intake aids digestion and lipid levels.
12. Fiber-restricted diets:
A) During acute intestinal disorders; minimizes fiber to reduce bowel
activity and prevent obstruction.
Correct Answer A
Explanation: Fiber can exacerbate symptoms or interfere with healing.
13. Renal diets:
A) For patients with renal insufficiency; manages fluids, electrolytes,
