NSG122 / NSG 122 Exam 2
Nursing Fundamental Concepts
Questions and Verified Answers
Correct Grade A - Herzing
1. Infectious agent:
Correct Answer Bacteria, viruses, fungi.
Explanation: These are the primary microorganisms responsible for
infections.
2. Portal of exit:
Correct Answer A way for the infectious agent to escape from the
reservoir where it has been growing.
Explanation: It is the point where pathogens leave the host to infect
others.
3. Reservoirs of infection:
Correct Answer The natural habitat of the organism.
Explanation: Reservoirs are environments where pathogens live and
multiply.
,4. Means of transmission:
Correct Answer Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route.
Explanation: Pathogens spread via these routes.
5. Infection cycle steps:
Correct Answer 1. Infectious agent, 2. Reservoir, 3. Portal of exit, 4.
Means of transmission, 5. Portal of entry, 6. Susceptible host.
Explanation: These are the sequential steps in infection transmission.
6. Portal of entry:
Correct Answer Part of the body where organisms enter.
Explanation: Entry points include cuts, mucous membranes, or body
openings.
7. Susceptible host:
Correct Answer A person likely to get an infection or disease.
Explanation: Susceptibility depends on immune status and other
factors.
8. Transmission barriers:
,Correct Answer Help prevent the transporting of pathogens from the
infected person to the environment.
Explanation: Barriers include PPE, hand hygiene, and isolation
precautions.
9. Common portals of exit:
Correct Answer Respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts,
breaks in skin, blood, and tissue.
Explanation: These are common routes for pathogens to leave the host.
10. Most common infectious agent:
Correct Answer Bacteria, viruses, fungi.
Explanation: These are the primary agents responsible for infections.
11. Bacteria:
Correct Answer Most significant and prevalent in hospital settings.
Explanation: Bacteria are the leading cause of nosocomial infections.
12. Virus:
Correct Answer Smallest microorganisms; visible only by electron
, microscopy.
Explanation: Viruses require electron microscopes for visualization.
13. Fungi:
Correct Answer Plant-like organisms present in air, soil, and water.
Explanation: They can cause infections like candidiasis.
14. Stages of infection:
Correct Answer Incubation period, prodromal stage, full-stage illness,
convalescent period.
Explanation: These stages describe infection progression.
15. Incubation period:
Correct Answer Organism growing and multiplying.
Explanation: The time from exposure to symptom onset.
16. Prodromal stage:
Correct Answer Person is most infectious.
Explanation: Symptoms are nonspecific, but contagiousness peaks.
17. Full-stage illness:
Nursing Fundamental Concepts
Questions and Verified Answers
Correct Grade A - Herzing
1. Infectious agent:
Correct Answer Bacteria, viruses, fungi.
Explanation: These are the primary microorganisms responsible for
infections.
2. Portal of exit:
Correct Answer A way for the infectious agent to escape from the
reservoir where it has been growing.
Explanation: It is the point where pathogens leave the host to infect
others.
3. Reservoirs of infection:
Correct Answer The natural habitat of the organism.
Explanation: Reservoirs are environments where pathogens live and
multiply.
,4. Means of transmission:
Correct Answer Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route.
Explanation: Pathogens spread via these routes.
5. Infection cycle steps:
Correct Answer 1. Infectious agent, 2. Reservoir, 3. Portal of exit, 4.
Means of transmission, 5. Portal of entry, 6. Susceptible host.
Explanation: These are the sequential steps in infection transmission.
6. Portal of entry:
Correct Answer Part of the body where organisms enter.
Explanation: Entry points include cuts, mucous membranes, or body
openings.
7. Susceptible host:
Correct Answer A person likely to get an infection or disease.
Explanation: Susceptibility depends on immune status and other
factors.
8. Transmission barriers:
,Correct Answer Help prevent the transporting of pathogens from the
infected person to the environment.
Explanation: Barriers include PPE, hand hygiene, and isolation
precautions.
9. Common portals of exit:
Correct Answer Respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts,
breaks in skin, blood, and tissue.
Explanation: These are common routes for pathogens to leave the host.
10. Most common infectious agent:
Correct Answer Bacteria, viruses, fungi.
Explanation: These are the primary agents responsible for infections.
11. Bacteria:
Correct Answer Most significant and prevalent in hospital settings.
Explanation: Bacteria are the leading cause of nosocomial infections.
12. Virus:
Correct Answer Smallest microorganisms; visible only by electron
, microscopy.
Explanation: Viruses require electron microscopes for visualization.
13. Fungi:
Correct Answer Plant-like organisms present in air, soil, and water.
Explanation: They can cause infections like candidiasis.
14. Stages of infection:
Correct Answer Incubation period, prodromal stage, full-stage illness,
convalescent period.
Explanation: These stages describe infection progression.
15. Incubation period:
Correct Answer Organism growing and multiplying.
Explanation: The time from exposure to symptom onset.
16. Prodromal stage:
Correct Answer Person is most infectious.
Explanation: Symptoms are nonspecific, but contagiousness peaks.
17. Full-stage illness:
