BIOL 2051 FINAL QUIZ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
collectively, metagenomic studies of the human microbiome have shown all but one of the following
statements are true - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅there is no general pattern of similarity in the microbiomes
of humans; they are unpredictable
considering that they require an oxygen- free environment, how do obligate anaerobes survive in the
human body? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅they are able to survive in places where aerobic organisms
quickly use the available oxygen
they can also survive in areas with impaired blood flow (reducing oxygen availability)
helicobacter pylori is a bacterium found in the stomachs of roughly half of the human population. it is
considered to be a pathogen because _________ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅it can cause chronic
inflammation
the colon has been described as a living fermentation vessel. which type of culture system would it most
resemble? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅continuous culture
why is there such a difference between the microbiota in the duodenum and that in the ileum? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅there is a large pH difference between these regions of the small intestine
one advantage of a mono gastric digestive system is that _____ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nutrients are
easily accessible to the microbes that aid in digestion and vitamin production
obligate anaerobes are likely to be found in the _______ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅colon
when a child begins to get its first teeth, what happens to the microbiota in the oral cavity? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅the teeth are rapidly colonized by anaerobes, in particular streptococcus, that are
specifically adapted to growth in biofilms on the surfaces of teeth
saliva contains relatively few microbes compared to other body sites, because _______ - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅the concentration of antimicrobial enzymes limits their growth
,why will the microbiota in the vagina of a woman of reproductive age differ from that of the same
woman before puberty and after menopause? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅during the reproductive years,
the vagina contains significant amounts of glycogen that is fermented by lactobacillus acidophilus to
produce lactic acid, creating an acidic environment. glycogen is absent before puberty and after
menopause
the presence of microbes in the bladder is _______ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅likely to lead to a UTI
for a normal, health human host, how is/ are the majority of these relationships described? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅commensalism and mutualism
h. pylori, bacteria that live in the stomach, thrive in ________ pH than skin microbes - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅lower
in general, _____ moisture levels are associated with lower microbial diversity - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅lower
deeper tissues have a ______ diversity of microbes than is found on the skin - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅lower
bacteria in the small intestine thrive in _______ pH than stomach bacteria - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅higher
the likelihood of colonization by skin pathogen is _______ when the normal microbiota are present -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅lower
the occurrence of opportunistic infections is ______ in immunocompromised patients - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅higher
the occurrence of colonization by pathogens is ______ in mucous membranes than in unbroken skin -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅higher
, in general, _____ temperature in specific body regions under normal (healthy) circumstances is
associated with lower microbial diversity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅higher
all of these types but obligate anaerobes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅on dry skin
on moist skin
all of these types but obligate aerobes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in the colon
all of these types - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in the mouth after teeth are present
facultative organisms only - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in the distal urethra (facing the external
environment)
only transient microbes/ no normal microbiota - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in the kidneys and bladder
in the lower respiratory tract
does the use of topical antibiotics on the skin affect the normal skin microbiota? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅yes, because antibiotics may encourage the growth of antibiotic- resistant species
yes, because the normal microbiota help to prevent colonization by pathogenic species
what is the only one that does not involve genetic analyses? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅knowledge of
growth rates allows researchers to predict responses to changing conditions
all of the following are gram- positive genera typically found on the skin except ________ - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅bacteroides
organisms that colonize skin _______ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are mostly gram- positive bacteria
a woman mentions to her physician during a prenatal check- up that she plans to clean her house from
"top- to- bottom" before the baby arrives, and intends to protect her newborn from as many "germs" as
possible to prevent any possible infections. if you were the physical, how would you advise this patient?
collectively, metagenomic studies of the human microbiome have shown all but one of the following
statements are true - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅there is no general pattern of similarity in the microbiomes
of humans; they are unpredictable
considering that they require an oxygen- free environment, how do obligate anaerobes survive in the
human body? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅they are able to survive in places where aerobic organisms
quickly use the available oxygen
they can also survive in areas with impaired blood flow (reducing oxygen availability)
helicobacter pylori is a bacterium found in the stomachs of roughly half of the human population. it is
considered to be a pathogen because _________ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅it can cause chronic
inflammation
the colon has been described as a living fermentation vessel. which type of culture system would it most
resemble? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅continuous culture
why is there such a difference between the microbiota in the duodenum and that in the ileum? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅there is a large pH difference between these regions of the small intestine
one advantage of a mono gastric digestive system is that _____ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nutrients are
easily accessible to the microbes that aid in digestion and vitamin production
obligate anaerobes are likely to be found in the _______ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅colon
when a child begins to get its first teeth, what happens to the microbiota in the oral cavity? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅the teeth are rapidly colonized by anaerobes, in particular streptococcus, that are
specifically adapted to growth in biofilms on the surfaces of teeth
saliva contains relatively few microbes compared to other body sites, because _______ - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅the concentration of antimicrobial enzymes limits their growth
,why will the microbiota in the vagina of a woman of reproductive age differ from that of the same
woman before puberty and after menopause? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅during the reproductive years,
the vagina contains significant amounts of glycogen that is fermented by lactobacillus acidophilus to
produce lactic acid, creating an acidic environment. glycogen is absent before puberty and after
menopause
the presence of microbes in the bladder is _______ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅likely to lead to a UTI
for a normal, health human host, how is/ are the majority of these relationships described? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅commensalism and mutualism
h. pylori, bacteria that live in the stomach, thrive in ________ pH than skin microbes - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅lower
in general, _____ moisture levels are associated with lower microbial diversity - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅lower
deeper tissues have a ______ diversity of microbes than is found on the skin - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅lower
bacteria in the small intestine thrive in _______ pH than stomach bacteria - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅higher
the likelihood of colonization by skin pathogen is _______ when the normal microbiota are present -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅lower
the occurrence of opportunistic infections is ______ in immunocompromised patients - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅higher
the occurrence of colonization by pathogens is ______ in mucous membranes than in unbroken skin -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅higher
, in general, _____ temperature in specific body regions under normal (healthy) circumstances is
associated with lower microbial diversity - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅higher
all of these types but obligate anaerobes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅on dry skin
on moist skin
all of these types but obligate aerobes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in the colon
all of these types - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in the mouth after teeth are present
facultative organisms only - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in the distal urethra (facing the external
environment)
only transient microbes/ no normal microbiota - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in the kidneys and bladder
in the lower respiratory tract
does the use of topical antibiotics on the skin affect the normal skin microbiota? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅yes, because antibiotics may encourage the growth of antibiotic- resistant species
yes, because the normal microbiota help to prevent colonization by pathogenic species
what is the only one that does not involve genetic analyses? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅knowledge of
growth rates allows researchers to predict responses to changing conditions
all of the following are gram- positive genera typically found on the skin except ________ - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅bacteroides
organisms that colonize skin _______ - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅are mostly gram- positive bacteria
a woman mentions to her physician during a prenatal check- up that she plans to clean her house from
"top- to- bottom" before the baby arrives, and intends to protect her newborn from as many "germs" as
possible to prevent any possible infections. if you were the physical, how would you advise this patient?
