Health Policy & Management (HPM101) – Exam A (75 Questions) | U.S. Health System, Spending, Determinants of Health, Care Levels

This document includes a fully verified and up-to-date set of 75 exam questions and correct answers from Exam A of the Health Policy and Management (HPM101) course for the 2025/2026 academic year. It offers a comprehensive assessment of the structure, financing, and performance of the U.S. healthcare system while also addressing core concepts in population health, prevention, and global comparison. Major themes include the definition and goals of healthcare, health behavior and social determinants, and the levels of prevention and care (primary, secondary, tertiary). The document thoroughly examines the complex organization of the U.S. healthcare system, including its workforce, financing mechanisms, public-private structure, and decentralized nature. Special focus is given to the financial scope of the system, highlighting facts like healthcare's 17.9% share of GDP, $4.5 trillion in annual spending, and comparisons to OECD countries in areas such as ambulatory care, administrative costs, and provider concentration. Additional key topics include efficiency types (allocative vs. productive), macro- vs. micro-level analysis, and the global variation in how nations define health and structure their systems. Cultural comparisons (e.g., Western vs. Chinese medicine), equity and access, and the importance of well-functioning systems in information, leadership, and medical product delivery are also covered. This document is highly valuable for students in Public Health, Health Administration, Health Economics, Health Policy, Pre-Med, Medical Sociology, and MPH or MHA programs. It is especially useful for exam preparation and conceptual grounding in U.S. and comparative health systems. Keywords: health care system, determinants of health, health behavior, primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary care, US healthcare, workforce, medical products, health financing, GDP health spending, health care access, health equity, efficiency, allocative efficiency, productive efficiency, ambulatory care, inpatient care, health information systems, health governance, Western medicine, Chinese medicine, built environment, healthcare occupations, microlevel analysis, macrolevel analysis, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, OECD comparison, administrative cost, private insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, health disparities, chronic illness, population ageing, healthcare performance, per capita spending