ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY &
BIOCHEMISTRY: FOUNDATIONS
FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE TEST
2025-2026 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Instructions
All answers are underlined.
Questions
***How are disaccharides formed? <answer>Through a
dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides.
***How are lipids transported in the body? <answer>In
lipoprotein packages coated with phospholipids and
proteins.
,***How are nucleotide triphosphates synthesized?
<answer>Nucleotide triphosphates are joined at the
phosphate attached to the fifth carbon of the sugar and the
hydroxyl attached to the third carbon, synthesized from the
5' to the 3' direction.
***How do bases behave in solution? <answer>Bases are
proton (H+) acceptors when dissolved, decreasing the
concentration of H+ ions in the solution.
***How do electrons behave in an atom?
<answer>Electrons are negatively charged particles that
move in orbits around the nucleus, equal in number to
protons in neutral atoms.
***How do hydrophobic molecules behave in water?
<answer>They aggregate with other nonpolar molecules
and require alternate transport mechanisms.
***How do intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs) form?
<answer>IDLs are formed from VLDLs that have released
triglycerides and contain remaining cholesterol esters.
, ***How do ionic bonds form? <answer>Ionic bonds form
through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another,
resulting in charged ions.
***How do proteins fold to be compatible with their
environment? <answer>Proteins fold to display hydrophilic
amino acids on the outside and cluster hydrophobic amino
acids in the core.
***How do the amino and carboxyl groups affect amino
acids? <answer>They promote polarity and hydrophilic
properties in amino acids.
***How does the sodium-potassium pump function?
<answer>The sodium-potassium pump expends ATP to
move 3 Na+ ions out of the cell for every 2 K+ ions it
brings in, maintaining the cell's resting potential.
***Most abundant atoms in the body <answer>Oxygen,
carbon, hydroxide, nitrogen
BIOCHEMISTRY: FOUNDATIONS
FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE TEST
2025-2026 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Instructions
All answers are underlined.
Questions
***How are disaccharides formed? <answer>Through a
dehydration reaction between two monosaccharides.
***How are lipids transported in the body? <answer>In
lipoprotein packages coated with phospholipids and
proteins.
,***How are nucleotide triphosphates synthesized?
<answer>Nucleotide triphosphates are joined at the
phosphate attached to the fifth carbon of the sugar and the
hydroxyl attached to the third carbon, synthesized from the
5' to the 3' direction.
***How do bases behave in solution? <answer>Bases are
proton (H+) acceptors when dissolved, decreasing the
concentration of H+ ions in the solution.
***How do electrons behave in an atom?
<answer>Electrons are negatively charged particles that
move in orbits around the nucleus, equal in number to
protons in neutral atoms.
***How do hydrophobic molecules behave in water?
<answer>They aggregate with other nonpolar molecules
and require alternate transport mechanisms.
***How do intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs) form?
<answer>IDLs are formed from VLDLs that have released
triglycerides and contain remaining cholesterol esters.
, ***How do ionic bonds form? <answer>Ionic bonds form
through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another,
resulting in charged ions.
***How do proteins fold to be compatible with their
environment? <answer>Proteins fold to display hydrophilic
amino acids on the outside and cluster hydrophobic amino
acids in the core.
***How do the amino and carboxyl groups affect amino
acids? <answer>They promote polarity and hydrophilic
properties in amino acids.
***How does the sodium-potassium pump function?
<answer>The sodium-potassium pump expends ATP to
move 3 Na+ ions out of the cell for every 2 K+ ions it
brings in, maintaining the cell's resting potential.
***Most abundant atoms in the body <answer>Oxygen,
carbon, hydroxide, nitrogen
