SPI 2025 EXAM QUESTIONS &
CORRECT VALID ANSWERS
Hemodynamics Correct Answer - the study of blood moving through the circulatory system
Plug flow Correct Answer - All layers of blood travel at the same velocity
Parabolic flow Correct Answer - -bullet shaped profile
-velocity is highest in the center of the lumen and gradually decreases to its minimum at the
vessel wall
Sound associated with turbulence is called Correct Answer - murmur or bruit
Thrill Correct Answer - palpable murmur
kinetic energy Correct Answer - energy due to motion (mass and speed)
Total fluid Correct Answer - potential and kinetic
Pressure energy Correct Answer - stored or potential energy
Gravitational energy Correct Answer - Potential energy that depends on the height of an object
Viscous energy loss Correct Answer - thickness of a fluid
,Frictional energy loss Correct Answer - Flow energy is converted to heat by rubbing against
vessel walls
Internal energy loss Correct Answer - energy is lost when speed of a fluid changes
Velocity increases as the vessel Correct Answer - narrows
Velocity decreases as blood flows out of a Correct Answer - stenosis
Stenosis Correct Answer - narrowing in the lumen of a vessel
Stenosis effect Correct Answer - -change in direction
-increased velocity
-post stenotic turbulence
-pressure gradient across stenosis
-loss of pulsatility
Bernoulli's principle Correct Answer - relationship between velocity and pressure (conservation
or energy)
Kinetic energy increases with Correct Answer - higher velocities
Pressure gradient increases with Correct Answer - -flow increase
-resistance increase
flow increases with Correct Answer - -pressure gradient increase
-resistance decreases
, Supine hydrostatic pressure equals Correct Answer - zero all parts of the body
Hydrostatic pressures standing Correct Answer - ankle= 100 (140+100=240)
knee=75 (140+75=215)
waist=50 (140+50=190)
heart=0 (140+0=140)
top of head= -30 (140-30=110)
During inspiration Correct Answer - The diaphragm moves downwards
Negative chest cavity pressure
Flow in legs decrease
Abdominal compression increases
Venous return to heart increase
During expiration Correct Answer - Diaphragm moves upward
Increase chest pressure
Abdominal pressure decrease
Flow in legs increase
Venous return to heart decrease
Color flow pixel Correct Answer - mean velocity
Powers doppler pixel Correct Answer - signal amplitude
Doppler frequency Correct Answer - change in frequency due to doppler shift
CORRECT VALID ANSWERS
Hemodynamics Correct Answer - the study of blood moving through the circulatory system
Plug flow Correct Answer - All layers of blood travel at the same velocity
Parabolic flow Correct Answer - -bullet shaped profile
-velocity is highest in the center of the lumen and gradually decreases to its minimum at the
vessel wall
Sound associated with turbulence is called Correct Answer - murmur or bruit
Thrill Correct Answer - palpable murmur
kinetic energy Correct Answer - energy due to motion (mass and speed)
Total fluid Correct Answer - potential and kinetic
Pressure energy Correct Answer - stored or potential energy
Gravitational energy Correct Answer - Potential energy that depends on the height of an object
Viscous energy loss Correct Answer - thickness of a fluid
,Frictional energy loss Correct Answer - Flow energy is converted to heat by rubbing against
vessel walls
Internal energy loss Correct Answer - energy is lost when speed of a fluid changes
Velocity increases as the vessel Correct Answer - narrows
Velocity decreases as blood flows out of a Correct Answer - stenosis
Stenosis Correct Answer - narrowing in the lumen of a vessel
Stenosis effect Correct Answer - -change in direction
-increased velocity
-post stenotic turbulence
-pressure gradient across stenosis
-loss of pulsatility
Bernoulli's principle Correct Answer - relationship between velocity and pressure (conservation
or energy)
Kinetic energy increases with Correct Answer - higher velocities
Pressure gradient increases with Correct Answer - -flow increase
-resistance increase
flow increases with Correct Answer - -pressure gradient increase
-resistance decreases
, Supine hydrostatic pressure equals Correct Answer - zero all parts of the body
Hydrostatic pressures standing Correct Answer - ankle= 100 (140+100=240)
knee=75 (140+75=215)
waist=50 (140+50=190)
heart=0 (140+0=140)
top of head= -30 (140-30=110)
During inspiration Correct Answer - The diaphragm moves downwards
Negative chest cavity pressure
Flow in legs decrease
Abdominal compression increases
Venous return to heart increase
During expiration Correct Answer - Diaphragm moves upward
Increase chest pressure
Abdominal pressure decrease
Flow in legs increase
Venous return to heart decrease
Color flow pixel Correct Answer - mean velocity
Powers doppler pixel Correct Answer - signal amplitude
Doppler frequency Correct Answer - change in frequency due to doppler shift
