CANS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Four components for effective lifestyle change:
1) Information
2) Skill development
3) Skill enhancement through guided practice and feedback
4) Creating social supports for change
Also described a type of socialization, modeling, which is useful when learning any new
behavior (1977).
Locus of control: - Answer- People tend to be influenced by either internal or external
view of control.
-Health is internally controlled. Belief that health is controlled by what they themselves
do.
OR
-Health is externally controlled. Belief that health is determined by outside factors.
Holistic nursing care: - Answer- nourishes the whole person - the body, mind, and spirit.
Eight factors contribute to holistic approach to nursing:
1) Nursing is an open system
2) Nursing is the provision of health care services
3) Nursing involves collaborating with patients and their families
4) Nursing is integrally involved with people
5) Nursing care is provided regardless of diagnosis, individual differences, age, beliefs,
gender, sexual orientation, or other factors.
6) Nurses require advanced knowledge and skills
7) Nursing requires concern, compassion, respect, and warmth, as well as
comprehensive, individualized planning of care, to facilitate patients' growth toward
wellness.
8) Nursing links theory and research
, 3 categories of beliefs: - Answer- 1. Descriptive or existential beliefs are those that can
be shown to be true or false. An example of a descriptive belief is "The sun will come up
tomorrow morning."
2. Evaluative beliefs are those in which there is a judgment about good or bad. The
belief "Advanced life support for a 90-year-old is immoral" is an example of an
evaluative belief.
3. Prescriptive (encouraged) and proscriptive (prohibited) beliefs are those in which
certain actions are judged to be desirable or undesirable. The belief "Every citizen of
voting age should vote in every election" is a prescriptive belief, whereas the belief
"People should not have sex outside of marriage" is a proscriptive belief. These two
types of beliefs are closely related to values.
Beliefs: - Answer- A belief represents the intellectual acceptance of something as true
or correct.
Belief systems that serve to guide thinking and decision making.
Beliefs are exhibited through attitudes and behaviors.
Values: - Answer- Values are the freely chosen principles, ideals, or standards held by
an individual, class, or group that give meaning and direction to life.
A value is an abstract representation of what is right, worthwhile, or desirable.
Values define ideal modes of conduct and reflect what the individual or group endorses
and tries to emulate.
Values, like beliefs, are relatively stable and resistant to change.
Florence Nightingale's definition of nursing: - Answer- Notes on Nursing: What It Is and
What It Is Not (originally published 1859)
"I use the word nursing for want of a better. It has been limited to signify little more than
the administration of medicines and the application of poultices. It ought to signify the
proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and
administration of diet— all at the least expense of vital power to the patient"
These definitions foreshadowed contemporary nursing's focus on the therapeutic milieu
(environment) as well as the modern emphasis on health promotion and health
maintenance.
She accurately observed that although simply possessing observational skills does not
make someone a good nurse, without these skills a nurse is ineffective. Indeed,
informed observation has always been an integral part of the processes of nursing.
ANSWERS
Four components for effective lifestyle change:
1) Information
2) Skill development
3) Skill enhancement through guided practice and feedback
4) Creating social supports for change
Also described a type of socialization, modeling, which is useful when learning any new
behavior (1977).
Locus of control: - Answer- People tend to be influenced by either internal or external
view of control.
-Health is internally controlled. Belief that health is controlled by what they themselves
do.
OR
-Health is externally controlled. Belief that health is determined by outside factors.
Holistic nursing care: - Answer- nourishes the whole person - the body, mind, and spirit.
Eight factors contribute to holistic approach to nursing:
1) Nursing is an open system
2) Nursing is the provision of health care services
3) Nursing involves collaborating with patients and their families
4) Nursing is integrally involved with people
5) Nursing care is provided regardless of diagnosis, individual differences, age, beliefs,
gender, sexual orientation, or other factors.
6) Nurses require advanced knowledge and skills
7) Nursing requires concern, compassion, respect, and warmth, as well as
comprehensive, individualized planning of care, to facilitate patients' growth toward
wellness.
8) Nursing links theory and research
, 3 categories of beliefs: - Answer- 1. Descriptive or existential beliefs are those that can
be shown to be true or false. An example of a descriptive belief is "The sun will come up
tomorrow morning."
2. Evaluative beliefs are those in which there is a judgment about good or bad. The
belief "Advanced life support for a 90-year-old is immoral" is an example of an
evaluative belief.
3. Prescriptive (encouraged) and proscriptive (prohibited) beliefs are those in which
certain actions are judged to be desirable or undesirable. The belief "Every citizen of
voting age should vote in every election" is a prescriptive belief, whereas the belief
"People should not have sex outside of marriage" is a proscriptive belief. These two
types of beliefs are closely related to values.
Beliefs: - Answer- A belief represents the intellectual acceptance of something as true
or correct.
Belief systems that serve to guide thinking and decision making.
Beliefs are exhibited through attitudes and behaviors.
Values: - Answer- Values are the freely chosen principles, ideals, or standards held by
an individual, class, or group that give meaning and direction to life.
A value is an abstract representation of what is right, worthwhile, or desirable.
Values define ideal modes of conduct and reflect what the individual or group endorses
and tries to emulate.
Values, like beliefs, are relatively stable and resistant to change.
Florence Nightingale's definition of nursing: - Answer- Notes on Nursing: What It Is and
What It Is Not (originally published 1859)
"I use the word nursing for want of a better. It has been limited to signify little more than
the administration of medicines and the application of poultices. It ought to signify the
proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and
administration of diet— all at the least expense of vital power to the patient"
These definitions foreshadowed contemporary nursing's focus on the therapeutic milieu
(environment) as well as the modern emphasis on health promotion and health
maintenance.
She accurately observed that although simply possessing observational skills does not
make someone a good nurse, without these skills a nurse is ineffective. Indeed,
informed observation has always been an integral part of the processes of nursing.
