Test Bank for Pathophysiology 8th Edition ( McCance, 2018 ), Chapter 1-50 | All Chapters.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE Huether TEST BANK




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CHAPTER 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY B B B




MULTIPLE CHOICE b




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
b b b b b b b b b


a. Cells can produce proteins. b c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b b b b b b b b


b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
b d. Cells can synthesize fats.
b b b b b b b




ANS: C b




In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
b b b b b b b b b b b b b



btheirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
b b b b b b b b b b b


bcellular metabolic absorption.
b b




PTS: bb b 1 REF: Page 2 b b




2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
b b b b b b b b b b b b b


a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome bb b




ANS: C b




The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
b b b b b b b b b b b b


most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b



regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b



information.
b




PTS: bb b 1 REF: Page 2 b b




3. Which component of the cell prodNuU
b ceRsSIhNyGdTroBg.CenOM
peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
b b b b b b b b b


b remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
b b b b b b b b b


a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes b




ANS: B b




Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
b b b b b b b b b b b b



remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
b b b b b b b b b b b b



H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b




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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE Huether TEST BANK

from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
b b b b b b b b b



synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b



envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate
b b b b b b b b b b b



from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
b b b b b b b b b b b b b



which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
b b b b b b b b b b


Oxyhydrosomesare involved in enzyme production.
b b b b b b




PTS: bb b 1 REF: Page 8 b b




4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
b b b b b b b b b b b b


cellinjury?
b b


a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum b b


b. Golgi complex b d. Lysosomes
b




ANS: D b




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The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
b b b b b b b b b b b



enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
b b b b b b b b b b b b



cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
b b b b b b b b b b b b



leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe
b b b b b b b b b b b



thisprocess.
b b




PTS: bb b 1 REF: Pages 7-8 b b




5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b


b pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
b b b b b b b b b b b


a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
b b b b b b b b b b b b


theribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b


cell membrane.
b b


b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b


lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
b b b b b b b b b b b b


cellmembrane.
b b


c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
b b b b b b b b b b b b


ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
b b b b b b b b b b b b


membrane.
b


d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b


Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell
b b b b b b b b b b b b b


membrane.
b




ANS: A b




The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b



ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b



The other options do not correctly describe this process.
b b b b b b b b b




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PTS: bb b 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5 b b b b b




6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
b b b b b b b b b


a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M b




ANS: B b




The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b



period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b



phase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b



phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the
b b b b b b b b b b b b




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