Page 1 of 51
WISCONSIN PESTICIDE APPLICATOR EXAM|| ALL
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST AND COMPLET
VERSION WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED
PASS!!!
Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause ANSWER- -Chew
on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits
-Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves
-Suck plant juices
-Promote gall formation and other malformations
-Inject toxins into plants -Transmit diseases to plants
-Create a nuisance for people
Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects ANSWER- Insects have: body
form has 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen; 3 pairs of legs attached to thorax; 0, 1,
or 2 pairs of wings attached to thorax; 1 pair of antennae
Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods ANSWER-
Arthropods have: exoskeleton; body form has 2 regions: head & abdomen; usually
4 pairs of legs attached to head; no wings; no antennae
Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete metamorphosis
ANSWER- -Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis"; 3 stages: egg, nymph, & adult
-Complete: 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, & adult
Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development
ANSWER- *Temperature & humidity preferences vary for each insect.
,Page 2 of 51
*Combined effect of both on reproduction & development is more dramatically
different than the effect of either alone.
-Temperature: development is faster with heat & slower with cold temps; insects
die at the high levels of developmental threshold temps and become inactive at low
levels
-Humidity: effects insect diseases; effects moisture levels required for survival
Ch.1 List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides ANSWER-
Advantages:
-Effective against economically damaging pests
-Can combine 1 or 2 insecticides to combat several pests
-They act quickly to control pests before reaching damaging levels
-For new pests, there are many compounds that have been proven effective
-Effective insecticides, suitable formulations, & application equipment are
normally available
Disadvantages:
-Often eliminate beneficial insects, allowing target organisms to rebound quickly
-Repeated exposure can lead to resistance in a pest population
-Yearly dependence on applications is an added cost
-Always a potential for drift, residues, and damage
Ch.2 Explain what determines whether a given plant is a weed ANSWER- Weeds
are unwanted plants
Ch.2 List the two main goals of weed management ANSWER- 1. Minimize weed
competition
2. Limit the weed's reproduction so that you can still manage the weed population
in future years
,Page 3 of 51
Ch.2 Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes (7)
ANSWER- -Interfere with management practices
-Produce chemical inhibitors that directly retard the growth of desirable plants
(allelopathy)
-Create a poor impression on customers
-Interferes with pesticide applications
-Support insect pests and plant diseases or provide cover for rodents
-Are poisonous, allergenic, or irritating to people or pets
-Dry out or die and become fire hazards
Ch.2 Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and woody from herbaceous plants
ANSWER- -Grasses (Monocots): most common weeds; have a single seed leaf
(cotyledon) when they germinate; narrow leaves with parallel viens
-Broadleaves (Dicots): have 2 seed leaves when they germinate; veins form a net-
like or branching pattern; can be broken down into Woody and Herbaceous plants
--> Woody: have thickened outer layer on stems (bark)
--> Herbaceous: lacks bark
Ch. 2 Describe the life cycles and propagation of annual, biennial, and perennial
plants ANSWER- -Annuals: live less than 12 months; most seeds germinate the
following year, some are dormant taking several years; prolific seed producers.
--> Summer Annuals: germinate from seed in spring, flower/produce seeds in
summer, die in late summer/early fall.
--> Winter Annuals: germinate from seed in fall, overwinter as low-growing plants,
flower/produce seeds in spring, then die.
-Biennials: live for 2 growing seasons; germinate from seeds in spring or summer
and produce a rosette of leaves, overwinter in rosette stage, flower the following
year, produce seed, and die.
, Page 4 of 51
-Perennials: live for at least 2 years, sometimes longer; may reproduce by seed or
spread vegetatively (stolons, rhizomes, spreading roots, tubers, bulbs)
Ch.2 Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and when
it is easiest to do so ANSWER- -Annuals: kill the whole shoot by tillage or with
herbicides during seeding stage.
--> Summer Annuals: kill with tillage or herbicides during seeding stage.
--> Winter Annuals: kill with tillage or herbicides during seeding stage.
-Biennials: best controlled with herbicides during rosette stage.
Perennials: controlled by repeatedly tilling or with herbicides that translocates to
all plant parts.
Ch.2 Distinguish the difference between preplant, preemergence, and
postemergence herbicide applications ANSWER- -Preplant: done before planting.
-Preemergence: usually (not always) done after planting but before plants/weeds
emerge.
-Postemergence: done selectively after plants/weeds emerge; timing is important; if
the desirable plant is smaller or larger than the growth stage listed on the label, it
may be damaged by the herbicide.
Ch.2 Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter, and pH and herbicide
persistence on herbicide activity ANSWER- -Fine textured soils or soils with high
organic matter often require higher herbicide rates than soils with coarser texture
or low organic matter.
-Some herbicides prohibit product use on certain soils with a light texture, low
organic matter, or high pH to guard against excessive plant damage or herbicide
persistence.
-Excessive leaching on sandy soils with shallow water tables may result in
groundwater contamination.
WISCONSIN PESTICIDE APPLICATOR EXAM|| ALL
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A+|| LATEST AND COMPLET
VERSION WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED
PASS!!!
Ch.1 List the general kinds of damage insect pests can cause ANSWER- -Chew
on seeds, roots, leaves, stems, & fruits
-Tunnel in roots, stems, & leaves
-Suck plant juices
-Promote gall formation and other malformations
-Inject toxins into plants -Transmit diseases to plants
-Create a nuisance for people
Ch.1 Describe the structural features of insects ANSWER- Insects have: body
form has 3 regions: head, thorax, abdomen; 3 pairs of legs attached to thorax; 0, 1,
or 2 pairs of wings attached to thorax; 1 pair of antennae
Ch.1 Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods ANSWER-
Arthropods have: exoskeleton; body form has 2 regions: head & abdomen; usually
4 pairs of legs attached to head; no wings; no antennae
Ch.1 Contrast the difference between simple and complete metamorphosis
ANSWER- -Simple: "Incomplete Metamorphosis"; 3 stages: egg, nymph, & adult
-Complete: 4 distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, & adult
Ch.1 Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development
ANSWER- *Temperature & humidity preferences vary for each insect.
,Page 2 of 51
*Combined effect of both on reproduction & development is more dramatically
different than the effect of either alone.
-Temperature: development is faster with heat & slower with cold temps; insects
die at the high levels of developmental threshold temps and become inactive at low
levels
-Humidity: effects insect diseases; effects moisture levels required for survival
Ch.1 List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides ANSWER-
Advantages:
-Effective against economically damaging pests
-Can combine 1 or 2 insecticides to combat several pests
-They act quickly to control pests before reaching damaging levels
-For new pests, there are many compounds that have been proven effective
-Effective insecticides, suitable formulations, & application equipment are
normally available
Disadvantages:
-Often eliminate beneficial insects, allowing target organisms to rebound quickly
-Repeated exposure can lead to resistance in a pest population
-Yearly dependence on applications is an added cost
-Always a potential for drift, residues, and damage
Ch.2 Explain what determines whether a given plant is a weed ANSWER- Weeds
are unwanted plants
Ch.2 List the two main goals of weed management ANSWER- 1. Minimize weed
competition
2. Limit the weed's reproduction so that you can still manage the weed population
in future years
,Page 3 of 51
Ch.2 Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes (7)
ANSWER- -Interfere with management practices
-Produce chemical inhibitors that directly retard the growth of desirable plants
(allelopathy)
-Create a poor impression on customers
-Interferes with pesticide applications
-Support insect pests and plant diseases or provide cover for rodents
-Are poisonous, allergenic, or irritating to people or pets
-Dry out or die and become fire hazards
Ch.2 Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and woody from herbaceous plants
ANSWER- -Grasses (Monocots): most common weeds; have a single seed leaf
(cotyledon) when they germinate; narrow leaves with parallel viens
-Broadleaves (Dicots): have 2 seed leaves when they germinate; veins form a net-
like or branching pattern; can be broken down into Woody and Herbaceous plants
--> Woody: have thickened outer layer on stems (bark)
--> Herbaceous: lacks bark
Ch. 2 Describe the life cycles and propagation of annual, biennial, and perennial
plants ANSWER- -Annuals: live less than 12 months; most seeds germinate the
following year, some are dormant taking several years; prolific seed producers.
--> Summer Annuals: germinate from seed in spring, flower/produce seeds in
summer, die in late summer/early fall.
--> Winter Annuals: germinate from seed in fall, overwinter as low-growing plants,
flower/produce seeds in spring, then die.
-Biennials: live for 2 growing seasons; germinate from seeds in spring or summer
and produce a rosette of leaves, overwinter in rosette stage, flower the following
year, produce seed, and die.
, Page 4 of 51
-Perennials: live for at least 2 years, sometimes longer; may reproduce by seed or
spread vegetatively (stolons, rhizomes, spreading roots, tubers, bulbs)
Ch.2 Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and when
it is easiest to do so ANSWER- -Annuals: kill the whole shoot by tillage or with
herbicides during seeding stage.
--> Summer Annuals: kill with tillage or herbicides during seeding stage.
--> Winter Annuals: kill with tillage or herbicides during seeding stage.
-Biennials: best controlled with herbicides during rosette stage.
Perennials: controlled by repeatedly tilling or with herbicides that translocates to
all plant parts.
Ch.2 Distinguish the difference between preplant, preemergence, and
postemergence herbicide applications ANSWER- -Preplant: done before planting.
-Preemergence: usually (not always) done after planting but before plants/weeds
emerge.
-Postemergence: done selectively after plants/weeds emerge; timing is important; if
the desirable plant is smaller or larger than the growth stage listed on the label, it
may be damaged by the herbicide.
Ch.2 Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter, and pH and herbicide
persistence on herbicide activity ANSWER- -Fine textured soils or soils with high
organic matter often require higher herbicide rates than soils with coarser texture
or low organic matter.
-Some herbicides prohibit product use on certain soils with a light texture, low
organic matter, or high pH to guard against excessive plant damage or herbicide
persistence.
-Excessive leaching on sandy soils with shallow water tables may result in
groundwater contamination.
