GRAY'S ANATOMY FOR STUDENTS
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem
A surgeon planning an approach to remove a deep-seated
pancreatic tumor must decide whether to use a regional or
systemic anatomical description when briefing the team. Which
approach best minimizes miscommunication about surgical
landmarks and why?
Options
A. Systemic approach — because describing the pancreas within
the digestive system better emphasizes functional relationships.
B. Regional approach — because describing the tumor relative
to abdominal quadrants and adjacent organs provides precise
surgical landmarks.
,C. Systemic approach — because organ-by-organ description
reduces variability in individual patient anatomy.
D. Regional approach — because it avoids reference to any
functional system and therefore reduces confusion.
Correct Answer: B
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences)
Regional anatomy specifies spatial relationships and
surface/relative landmarks (e.g., relationships to duodenum,
pancreas head in right upper quadrant), which are essential for
surgical planning and intraoperative orientation. Gray’s
emphasizes that regional description is superior when precise
location and relationships to adjacent structures determine the
operative approach. This reduces ambiguity about incision sites
and nearby vital structures.
Incorrect answer rationales (1–3 sentences each)
A. Functional/systemic descriptions highlight physiological
relationships but are less precise for localizing surface
landmarks and operative access.
C. Systemic descriptions do not inherently reduce variability;
they organize by organ systems but lack the spatial cues needed
for intraoperative navigation.
D. Regional anatomy does not “avoid” functional references;
rather it focuses on location—surgical clarity relies on positional
relationships, not on omitting function.
,Teaching Point:
Use regional anatomy for precise surgical landmarks; system-
based for physiology and disease processes.
Citation:
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem
A clinical educator asks students to compare surface anatomy
versus sectional anatomy when teaching chest compressions
during CPR on adults of varying body habitus. Which
explanation best links anatomical approach to functional
outcome (effective compressions)?
Options
A. Surface anatomy is primary because compressions rely only
on external landmarks.
B. Sectional anatomy is primary because internal thoracic
dimensions vary and determine optimal hand position.
C. Surface and sectional anatomy are complementary; surface
landmarks guide hand placement while sectional knowledge
explains depth and internal organ relations.
D. Neither is necessary; compression depth guidelines alone
suffice regardless of anatomy.
, Correct Answer: C
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences)
Effective CPR requires hand placement guided by surface
landmarks (lower half of sternum) and an understanding of
underlying sectional anatomy (thoracic cavity depth, heart
position relative to sternum) to achieve adequate compression
depth without injury. Gray’s highlights how integrating external
and internal anatomical knowledge improves functional
interventions. Therefore both surface and sectional
perspectives together optimize outcomes across varying body
habitus.
Incorrect answer rationales (1–3 sentences each)
A. Surface anatomy alone may mislead in patients with atypical
internal organ positions or obesity.
B. Sectional anatomy informs depth but cannot be used in real-
time for hand placement without surface reference.
D. Guidelines are important but insufficient without anatomical
reasoning to adapt to patient variability.
Teaching Point:
Combine surface landmarks with sectional anatomy to tailor
CPR compressions for each patient.
Citation:
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
5TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)RICHARD L. DRAKE
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem
A surgeon planning an approach to remove a deep-seated
pancreatic tumor must decide whether to use a regional or
systemic anatomical description when briefing the team. Which
approach best minimizes miscommunication about surgical
landmarks and why?
Options
A. Systemic approach — because describing the pancreas within
the digestive system better emphasizes functional relationships.
B. Regional approach — because describing the tumor relative
to abdominal quadrants and adjacent organs provides precise
surgical landmarks.
,C. Systemic approach — because organ-by-organ description
reduces variability in individual patient anatomy.
D. Regional approach — because it avoids reference to any
functional system and therefore reduces confusion.
Correct Answer: B
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences)
Regional anatomy specifies spatial relationships and
surface/relative landmarks (e.g., relationships to duodenum,
pancreas head in right upper quadrant), which are essential for
surgical planning and intraoperative orientation. Gray’s
emphasizes that regional description is superior when precise
location and relationships to adjacent structures determine the
operative approach. This reduces ambiguity about incision sites
and nearby vital structures.
Incorrect answer rationales (1–3 sentences each)
A. Functional/systemic descriptions highlight physiological
relationships but are less precise for localizing surface
landmarks and operative access.
C. Systemic descriptions do not inherently reduce variability;
they organize by organ systems but lack the spatial cues needed
for intraoperative navigation.
D. Regional anatomy does not “avoid” functional references;
rather it focuses on location—surgical clarity relies on positional
relationships, not on omitting function.
,Teaching Point:
Use regional anatomy for precise surgical landmarks; system-
based for physiology and disease processes.
Citation:
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Body — What is anatomy?
Stem
A clinical educator asks students to compare surface anatomy
versus sectional anatomy when teaching chest compressions
during CPR on adults of varying body habitus. Which
explanation best links anatomical approach to functional
outcome (effective compressions)?
Options
A. Surface anatomy is primary because compressions rely only
on external landmarks.
B. Sectional anatomy is primary because internal thoracic
dimensions vary and determine optimal hand position.
C. Surface and sectional anatomy are complementary; surface
landmarks guide hand placement while sectional knowledge
explains depth and internal organ relations.
D. Neither is necessary; compression depth guidelines alone
suffice regardless of anatomy.
, Correct Answer: C
Correct answer rationale (3–4 sentences)
Effective CPR requires hand placement guided by surface
landmarks (lower half of sternum) and an understanding of
underlying sectional anatomy (thoracic cavity depth, heart
position relative to sternum) to achieve adequate compression
depth without injury. Gray’s highlights how integrating external
and internal anatomical knowledge improves functional
interventions. Therefore both surface and sectional
perspectives together optimize outcomes across varying body
habitus.
Incorrect answer rationales (1–3 sentences each)
A. Surface anatomy alone may mislead in patients with atypical
internal organ positions or obesity.
B. Sectional anatomy informs depth but cannot be used in real-
time for hand placement without surface reference.
D. Guidelines are important but insufficient without anatomical
reasoning to adapt to patient variability.
Teaching Point:
Combine surface landmarks with sectional anatomy to tailor
CPR compressions for each patient.
Citation:
Drake, R. L. (2024). Gray’s Anatomy for Students (5th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3
