BIO 161 PSU Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b09kpy
1. What is gene expression? Gene expression is the process
What is the first process and where does it occur? of making proteins from the
What is the second process and where does it oc- instructions (genes) in DNA
cur? Process A: replication, DNA to
RNA, occurs in nucleus
Process B: translation, RNA to
protein, occurs in ribosomes in
the ER
2. Organelles involved in gene expression and what 1. Nucleus - production of RNA
happens in them from DNA (transcription)
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum -
RNA is translated to amino
acids to make proteins
3. Golgi Body - packages the
proteins for transport
3. What are atoms made up of? subatomic particles (protons,
neutrons, electrons)
4. What are the names and charges of the subatomic 1. Protons, positive
particles? 2. Neutrons, none
3. Electrons, negative
5. where do subatomic particles reside? Protons and neutrons are
found in the nucleus while
electrons are found located on
the rings around it
6. What is a molecule? 2 or more atoms bonded to-
gether
7. What is an element?
, BIO 161 PSU Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b09kpy
pure substance that consists
entirely of one type of atom
8. What are ions? atoms that have an uneven
number of protons and elec-
trons
9. What is a cation and what do they do? A positively charged ion that
gives up electrons easily
10. What is an anion and what do they do? A negatively charged ion that
accept electrons easily
11. What is a nonpolar covalent bond? What is an ex- a covalent bond in which the
ample? electrons are shared equally by
the two atoms
oxygen
12. What is a polar covalent bond? What is an example? A covalent bond in which elec-
trons are not shared equally
water
13. What is an ionic bond? What is an example? A chemical bond resulting
from the attraction between
oppositely charged ions (va-
lence electrons from one atom
are transferred permanently to
another atom)
Salt (NaCl)
14. What is a hydrogen bond? What is an example?
, BIO 161 PSU Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b09kpy
Attraction between a slightly
positive hydrogen atom and a
slightly negative atom.
DNA
15. What is an organic molecule? molecules that contain carbon
16. What is the relationship between monomers and Monomers are building blocks
polymers? of polymers
17. Carbohydrate monomer Monomers: glucose and fruc-
Carbohydrate polymers tose
Carbohydrate functions Polymers: starch, cellulose,
glycogen
Function: providing the body
with energy
18. Protein monomer Monomer: amino acids
Protein polymer Polymer: polypeptides
Protein function Function: many functions, one
example is enzymes are im-
portant physiological process-
es (they control many reactions
that maintain homeostasis)
19. Lipid monomers Monomers: glycerol and fatty
Lipid polymers acids
Lipid Function Polymers: diglycerides and
triglycerides
Function: energy storage and
insulation
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b09kpy
1. What is gene expression? Gene expression is the process
What is the first process and where does it occur? of making proteins from the
What is the second process and where does it oc- instructions (genes) in DNA
cur? Process A: replication, DNA to
RNA, occurs in nucleus
Process B: translation, RNA to
protein, occurs in ribosomes in
the ER
2. Organelles involved in gene expression and what 1. Nucleus - production of RNA
happens in them from DNA (transcription)
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum -
RNA is translated to amino
acids to make proteins
3. Golgi Body - packages the
proteins for transport
3. What are atoms made up of? subatomic particles (protons,
neutrons, electrons)
4. What are the names and charges of the subatomic 1. Protons, positive
particles? 2. Neutrons, none
3. Electrons, negative
5. where do subatomic particles reside? Protons and neutrons are
found in the nucleus while
electrons are found located on
the rings around it
6. What is a molecule? 2 or more atoms bonded to-
gether
7. What is an element?
, BIO 161 PSU Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b09kpy
pure substance that consists
entirely of one type of atom
8. What are ions? atoms that have an uneven
number of protons and elec-
trons
9. What is a cation and what do they do? A positively charged ion that
gives up electrons easily
10. What is an anion and what do they do? A negatively charged ion that
accept electrons easily
11. What is a nonpolar covalent bond? What is an ex- a covalent bond in which the
ample? electrons are shared equally by
the two atoms
oxygen
12. What is a polar covalent bond? What is an example? A covalent bond in which elec-
trons are not shared equally
water
13. What is an ionic bond? What is an example? A chemical bond resulting
from the attraction between
oppositely charged ions (va-
lence electrons from one atom
are transferred permanently to
another atom)
Salt (NaCl)
14. What is a hydrogen bond? What is an example?
, BIO 161 PSU Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_b09kpy
Attraction between a slightly
positive hydrogen atom and a
slightly negative atom.
DNA
15. What is an organic molecule? molecules that contain carbon
16. What is the relationship between monomers and Monomers are building blocks
polymers? of polymers
17. Carbohydrate monomer Monomers: glucose and fruc-
Carbohydrate polymers tose
Carbohydrate functions Polymers: starch, cellulose,
glycogen
Function: providing the body
with energy
18. Protein monomer Monomer: amino acids
Protein polymer Polymer: polypeptides
Protein function Function: many functions, one
example is enzymes are im-
portant physiological process-
es (they control many reactions
that maintain homeostasis)
19. Lipid monomers Monomers: glycerol and fatty
Lipid polymers acids
Lipid Function Polymers: diglycerides and
triglycerides
Function: energy storage and
insulation
