PSU BIO 141 EXAM 2 ZEMAN EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Convergence - ANS A mechanism for providing input to a single neuron from multiple sources
Serial Processing - ANS A mechanism in which neurons or pools work sequentially
Temporal Summation (Frequency) - ANS Occurs on a membrane that receives two
depolarizing stimuli from the same source; impulse arrives close to the axon hillock and a
second stimulus quickly adds to it and creates action potential propagation
Spatial Summation (Location) - ANS Occurs when sources of stimulation arrive
simultaneously, but at different locations; local currents spread the depolarizing effects and
areas of overlap experience combined effects
Cholinergic Receptors - ANS attaches to Acetylcholine
Adrenergic receptors - ANS attaches to Norepinephrine- Adrenaline
Acetylcholine - ANS Most plentiful neurotransmitter in the body;made in brain and released
by nerve cells; active everywhere, especially the neuromuscular junction; serves excitatory and
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, inhibitory functions; used in all preganglionic neurons and only in postganglionic sympathetic
neurons
Calcium in a neural secretion - ANS entry triggered by depolarization at terminals; basically
once an action potential reaches the end of axon terminal this will open up channels to let
calcium in; once this calcium enters the neuron it triggers the release of the neurotransmitters
into the synaptic cleft
AChE - ANS Acetylcholinesterase; it is an enzyme that will basically eat up and destroy the
leftover acetylcholine so that the muscle doesn't continue to contract
Sodium and Potassium - ANS Just know that sodium will always be entering and depolarizing
the cell to start an action potential and potassium will always leave the cell once voltage gets
super high to return the cell back to normal
Interneurons - ANS located in CNS; transmits impulses between other neurons (apart of
reflex arcs)
Afferent Neurons - ANS Sensory neurons in PNS; signals sent to the brian
Efferent Neurons - ANS Motor neurons in PNS; signals sent away from brian (to target)
Somatic - ANS Bones muscles and skin (motor and sensory divisions)
Visceral - ANS Autonomic; Organs and glands (motor and sensory divisions)
Visceral motor divisions - ANS sympathetic and parasympathetic
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST VERSION 2025/2026.
Convergence - ANS A mechanism for providing input to a single neuron from multiple sources
Serial Processing - ANS A mechanism in which neurons or pools work sequentially
Temporal Summation (Frequency) - ANS Occurs on a membrane that receives two
depolarizing stimuli from the same source; impulse arrives close to the axon hillock and a
second stimulus quickly adds to it and creates action potential propagation
Spatial Summation (Location) - ANS Occurs when sources of stimulation arrive
simultaneously, but at different locations; local currents spread the depolarizing effects and
areas of overlap experience combined effects
Cholinergic Receptors - ANS attaches to Acetylcholine
Adrenergic receptors - ANS attaches to Norepinephrine- Adrenaline
Acetylcholine - ANS Most plentiful neurotransmitter in the body;made in brain and released
by nerve cells; active everywhere, especially the neuromuscular junction; serves excitatory and
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, inhibitory functions; used in all preganglionic neurons and only in postganglionic sympathetic
neurons
Calcium in a neural secretion - ANS entry triggered by depolarization at terminals; basically
once an action potential reaches the end of axon terminal this will open up channels to let
calcium in; once this calcium enters the neuron it triggers the release of the neurotransmitters
into the synaptic cleft
AChE - ANS Acetylcholinesterase; it is an enzyme that will basically eat up and destroy the
leftover acetylcholine so that the muscle doesn't continue to contract
Sodium and Potassium - ANS Just know that sodium will always be entering and depolarizing
the cell to start an action potential and potassium will always leave the cell once voltage gets
super high to return the cell back to normal
Interneurons - ANS located in CNS; transmits impulses between other neurons (apart of
reflex arcs)
Afferent Neurons - ANS Sensory neurons in PNS; signals sent to the brian
Efferent Neurons - ANS Motor neurons in PNS; signals sent away from brian (to target)
Somatic - ANS Bones muscles and skin (motor and sensory divisions)
Visceral - ANS Autonomic; Organs and glands (motor and sensory divisions)
Visceral motor divisions - ANS sympathetic and parasympathetic
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
