What is the primary goal of treating TBI? preventing secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining blood pressure
How is this done? and providing adequate profusion.
After managing ABCDEs of TBI what mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is done with CT.
MUST be identified if present? How is NOTE: obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma center.
this done?
Which brain lobes do the following hold: 1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes
1. anterior fossa: 2. middle fossa: temporal lobes
2. middle fossa: 3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellum
3. posterior fossa:
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
What does the dura mater adhere firmly the skull. it is tough and fibrous
to?
What layer of the meninges splits into dura mater.
two leaves as specific sites to enclose these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
large venous sinuses? What do these
sinuses do?
,What is the midline sinus of of the brain The main sinus enclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital sinus.
that splits into two sinuses: bilateral This splits into the sigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on
transverse and sigmoid sinus? What side the right side.
are these bigger on?
What are the arteries that lie between meningeal arteries.
the skull and the dura mater (epidural
space)?
What is the most commonly injured middle meningeal artery.
meningeal artery and where is it Located over the temporal fossa
located?
T/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the FALSE: not attached. This produces a potential space for a subdural hematoma
dura mater?
In a subdural hematoma, what is the injury to bridging veins that extend from brain surface to the sinuses within the
cause? dura.
_______ fills the space between the CSF. this cushions the brain and spinal cord.
arachnoid and pia mater?
What location of brain hemorrhage is subarachnoid.
frequently seen in brain contusion or
injury to major blood vessels at base of
brain?
, The ____ and _____ contain the reticular midbrain and upper pons
activating system which is responsible state of alertness
for ____.
What important function resides in the cardiorespiratory centers.
medulla?
What important functions are in the 1. left hemisphere: language center
following brain segments: 2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor
1. left hemisphere: 3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation
2. frontal lobe: 4. temporal: memory functions
3. parietal lobe:
4. temporal:
tentorium cerebelli. (tent over cerebellum)
What divides the brain into
supratentorial and infratentorial
compartments?
blown pupil: dilation of pupil
-CN III runs along the tentorium cerebelli. parasympathetic fibers that constrict
What is the physiology behind a blown
the pupil run along CN III (oculomotor). When temporal lobe is herniated, it can
pupil?
compress these fibers. Unapposed sympathetic activity causes pupillary
dilation.
What is the tentorial notch/hiatus this is where the midbrain passes through into the infratentorial compartment.
what part of the brain most commonly Uncus (medial part of temporal lobe)
herniates through the tentorial notch?
How is this done? and providing adequate profusion.
After managing ABCDEs of TBI what mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is done with CT.
MUST be identified if present? How is NOTE: obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma center.
this done?
Which brain lobes do the following hold: 1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes
1. anterior fossa: 2. middle fossa: temporal lobes
2. middle fossa: 3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellum
3. posterior fossa:
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
What are the 3 layers of the meninges?
What does the dura mater adhere firmly the skull. it is tough and fibrous
to?
What layer of the meninges splits into dura mater.
two leaves as specific sites to enclose these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
large venous sinuses? What do these
sinuses do?
,What is the midline sinus of of the brain The main sinus enclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital sinus.
that splits into two sinuses: bilateral This splits into the sigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on
transverse and sigmoid sinus? What side the right side.
are these bigger on?
What are the arteries that lie between meningeal arteries.
the skull and the dura mater (epidural
space)?
What is the most commonly injured middle meningeal artery.
meningeal artery and where is it Located over the temporal fossa
located?
T/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the FALSE: not attached. This produces a potential space for a subdural hematoma
dura mater?
In a subdural hematoma, what is the injury to bridging veins that extend from brain surface to the sinuses within the
cause? dura.
_______ fills the space between the CSF. this cushions the brain and spinal cord.
arachnoid and pia mater?
What location of brain hemorrhage is subarachnoid.
frequently seen in brain contusion or
injury to major blood vessels at base of
brain?
, The ____ and _____ contain the reticular midbrain and upper pons
activating system which is responsible state of alertness
for ____.
What important function resides in the cardiorespiratory centers.
medulla?
What important functions are in the 1. left hemisphere: language center
following brain segments: 2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor
1. left hemisphere: 3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation
2. frontal lobe: 4. temporal: memory functions
3. parietal lobe:
4. temporal:
tentorium cerebelli. (tent over cerebellum)
What divides the brain into
supratentorial and infratentorial
compartments?
blown pupil: dilation of pupil
-CN III runs along the tentorium cerebelli. parasympathetic fibers that constrict
What is the physiology behind a blown
the pupil run along CN III (oculomotor). When temporal lobe is herniated, it can
pupil?
compress these fibers. Unapposed sympathetic activity causes pupillary
dilation.
What is the tentorial notch/hiatus this is where the midbrain passes through into the infratentorial compartment.
what part of the brain most commonly Uncus (medial part of temporal lobe)
herniates through the tentorial notch?
