NURS 106 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2025-2026
What is Pharmacology? - Answers Study of drug action on the body
What is Pharmacodynamics? - Answers What the drug DOES to the body (task)
What is Pharmacokinetics? - Answers What the BODY does to the drug (movement)
What does ADME stand for in pharmacokinetics? - Answers Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, Excretion
What are the 3 phases of pharmacodynamics? - Answers -Receptor binding
-Post receptor effects
-Chemical reaction
What is the first pass effect? - Answers After oral administration, many drugs are absorbed
intact from the small intestine and transported first via the portal system to the liver, where they
undergo extensive metabolism, therefore usually decreasing the bioavailability of certain oral
medications.
What is pinocytosis? - Answers Cell engulfing, drinking particles and carries across membrane
What are some factors that affect absorption? - Answers -Route of administration
-Blood circulation
-Souluability
-Concentration
-Drug movement from GI tract to liver
-Bio availability
What are 5 factors that affect bio availability? - Answers -Drug form
-Route of administration
-Gastric mucous motility
-Administration with food and other drugs
-Changes in liver metabolism
What is bio availability? - Answers The proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the
circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect
, What is distribution related to pharmacokinetics? - Answers The movement of the drug from the
circulation to body tissues.
What does protein binding and free drugs have to do with drug distribution? - Answers Many
drug particles bind with proteins so those become inactive and are not able to react with the
tissue receptors so there is no pharmacologic response. The drug particles that are not bound
to proteins are free drugs that can travel to site of action and cause a pharmacologic response
What is drug metabolism? - Answers Process by which the body chemically changes drugs into
a form that can be excreted. The liver is the primary site of metabolism.
What is drug half life? - Answers Time it takes for the amount of the drug in the body to be
reduced by 1/2
What is a steady state? - Answers Where the drug that is administered is the same amount as
the amount of drug being eliminated
What is a loading dose? - Answers A large initial dose, that is significantly higher than
maintenance dosing. Is given if the drug being administered has a long half life so that the drug
can reach a steady state sooner.
What are the ways that drug excretion occurs? - Answers Kidneys, liver, feces, lungs, saliva,
sweat, breast milk
What are 3 lab tests that test kidney function? - Answers Creatinine clearance, BUN, Glomerular
filtration rate
What is a drug response relationship? - Answers The potency of the drug which is how strong it
is, in addition to the therapeutic index of the drug.
What is therapeutic index? - Answers ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose
How is the proper dose of a medication determined to perscribe? - Answers Knowing the peak
drug level as well as the trough drug level.
What is a cholinergic drug? - Answers inhibit, enhance, or mimic the action of the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary transmitter of nerve impulses within the
parasympathetic nervous system
What are effects of cholinergic drugs? - Answers Creates excess saliva and stomach acid
What is an anticholinergic drug? - Answers block acetylcholine from binding to its receptors on
certain nerve cells. They inhibit actions called parasympathetic nerve impulses.
What are effects of anticholinergic drugs? - Answers Will have drying side effects
What is drug toxicity? - Answers Drug level exceeds therapeutic range
What is Pharmacology? - Answers Study of drug action on the body
What is Pharmacodynamics? - Answers What the drug DOES to the body (task)
What is Pharmacokinetics? - Answers What the BODY does to the drug (movement)
What does ADME stand for in pharmacokinetics? - Answers Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, Excretion
What are the 3 phases of pharmacodynamics? - Answers -Receptor binding
-Post receptor effects
-Chemical reaction
What is the first pass effect? - Answers After oral administration, many drugs are absorbed
intact from the small intestine and transported first via the portal system to the liver, where they
undergo extensive metabolism, therefore usually decreasing the bioavailability of certain oral
medications.
What is pinocytosis? - Answers Cell engulfing, drinking particles and carries across membrane
What are some factors that affect absorption? - Answers -Route of administration
-Blood circulation
-Souluability
-Concentration
-Drug movement from GI tract to liver
-Bio availability
What are 5 factors that affect bio availability? - Answers -Drug form
-Route of administration
-Gastric mucous motility
-Administration with food and other drugs
-Changes in liver metabolism
What is bio availability? - Answers The proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the
circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect
, What is distribution related to pharmacokinetics? - Answers The movement of the drug from the
circulation to body tissues.
What does protein binding and free drugs have to do with drug distribution? - Answers Many
drug particles bind with proteins so those become inactive and are not able to react with the
tissue receptors so there is no pharmacologic response. The drug particles that are not bound
to proteins are free drugs that can travel to site of action and cause a pharmacologic response
What is drug metabolism? - Answers Process by which the body chemically changes drugs into
a form that can be excreted. The liver is the primary site of metabolism.
What is drug half life? - Answers Time it takes for the amount of the drug in the body to be
reduced by 1/2
What is a steady state? - Answers Where the drug that is administered is the same amount as
the amount of drug being eliminated
What is a loading dose? - Answers A large initial dose, that is significantly higher than
maintenance dosing. Is given if the drug being administered has a long half life so that the drug
can reach a steady state sooner.
What are the ways that drug excretion occurs? - Answers Kidneys, liver, feces, lungs, saliva,
sweat, breast milk
What are 3 lab tests that test kidney function? - Answers Creatinine clearance, BUN, Glomerular
filtration rate
What is a drug response relationship? - Answers The potency of the drug which is how strong it
is, in addition to the therapeutic index of the drug.
What is therapeutic index? - Answers ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose
How is the proper dose of a medication determined to perscribe? - Answers Knowing the peak
drug level as well as the trough drug level.
What is a cholinergic drug? - Answers inhibit, enhance, or mimic the action of the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the primary transmitter of nerve impulses within the
parasympathetic nervous system
What are effects of cholinergic drugs? - Answers Creates excess saliva and stomach acid
What is an anticholinergic drug? - Answers block acetylcholine from binding to its receptors on
certain nerve cells. They inhibit actions called parasympathetic nerve impulses.
What are effects of anticholinergic drugs? - Answers Will have drying side effects
What is drug toxicity? - Answers Drug level exceeds therapeutic range
