Test Bank for Pathophysiology: A Practical Approach 5th Edition by Lachel Story & Jacqueline M. Vaughn ISBN 978-1284288094 COMPLETE GUIDE WITH RATIONALES 100% VERIFIED A+ GRADE ASSURED!!!!!NEW LATEST UPDATE!!!!!

TEST BANK FORPATHOPHYSIOLOGY
ty ty ty




PRACTICAL APPROACH5TH EDITION BYLACHEL STO
ty ty ty ty ty ty




RY QUESTIONS & 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
ty ty ty ty ty




GRADED A+LATEST UPDATE
ty ty

,CHAPTER 1 — CELLULAR FUNCTION t y ty ty t y




Question1 — (energyproduction) ty ty ty ty




Whichorganelle is theprimary site ofaerobicATP productionvia oxidative phosphoryl
ty t y ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




ation?
A. Smoothendoplasmic reticulum ty ty




B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Lysosome
Correctanswer:B. Mitochondrion Rational
ty ty ty ty




e:
Mitochondriagenerate the majority ofcellular ATPbyoxidative phosphorylation
ty ty ty t y ty t y ty ty ty




(electrontransportchain +chemiosmosis) in the presenceofoxygen.
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




• Ais incorrect —
ty ty ty




smoothER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification, not
ty ty ty ty t y ty t y ty ty t y ty




major ATP production. ty ty




• Cis incorrect — ribosomessynthesize proteins.
ty ty ty ty ty ty




• Disincorrect—
ty ty ty




lysosomesdigestmacromolecules and damaged organelles but do not produce
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




ATP.


Question2 — Membranetransport ty ty ty ty




Apatient receives an IVdrugthat must enter cells against aconcentrationgradient. Whic
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




h transport mechanism is most likely responsible?
ty ty ty ty ty t y




A. Simplediffusion throughthelipid bilayer ty ty ty ty ty




B. Facilitated diffusionthroughachannelprotein ty ty ty ty ty




C. Primary activetransportusingATP(e.g.,Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) ty ty ty ty ty ty




D. Osmosis
Correctanswer:C. Primary active transport using ATP (e.g., Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) Rationale:
ty ty ty ty ty ty t y ty ty ty




Movement againstaconcentrationgradient requires energy input;primary active
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




transportdirectly uses ATP (oran ATPase)to pump ions ormolecules.
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




• A and B are passive (do notmove substancesuphill).
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty

, • D(osmosis)is passivemovement ofwater acrossasemipermeable me
ty ty ty ty t y ty ty ty ty ty




mbrane down its gradient. ty ty ty




Question3 — Facilitateddiffusion example ty ty ty ty ty




Glucoseentryinto skeletal muscle during resting conditions(no insulin present) predominantly o
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty t y ty t y




ccurs by: ty




A. Simplediffusion throughthe membrane ty ty ty ty




B. Facilitated diffusionvia GLUTtransporters(downitsconcentration gradient) ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




C. ActivetransportbyNa⁺/glucosecotransporterrequiring ATP
ty ty ty ty ty ty




D. Endocytosis
Correctanswer:B. Facilitateddiffusion via GLUT transporters Ratio
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




nale:
Glucosecrossesmembranesvia GLUTtransporters (carrier proteins)byfacilitated diffu
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




sion when no energy is required and transportfollows the concentration gradient.
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




• Ais incorrect — glucoseis polar andcannot passbysimple diffusion.
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




• C(Na⁺/glucose cotransport)is usedin someepithelia (e.g.,intestinal/renal) an
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty t y ty ty




d is secondaryactive, notthepredominant mechanism in resting muscle.
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




• Dis incorrect —
ty ty ty




endocytosisis notthe routine mechanism forglucose uptake.
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




Question4 — Osmotic effects onred bloodcells ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




Apatient’sred bloodcells placedin ahypertonic IVsolution will:
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




A. Swellandpotentially lyse(hemolysis) ty ty ty ty




B. Shrink(crenate) as water leaves thecell ty ty ty ty ty ty




C. Remain unchanged becauseRBC membranes are impermeable towater
ty ty ty ty t y ty t y ty




D. Gainsodiumvia activetransportandmaintain size
ty ty ty ty ty ty t y




Correctanswer:B. Shrink (crenate) as waterleaves the cell Rationale
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty t y ty




:
Inahypertonic environment, extracellular osmolarity is higher than intracellular;
ty ty ty t y t y ty ty ty ty




watermoves outofthe cell byosmosis,causingcell shrinkage (crenation).
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty

, • Ais what happensin hypotonic solutions (water moves in).
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




• Cis false — water crossesmembranes rapidly (aquaporins).
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




• Disincorrect — acutesodiumpumping cannotprevent osmoticwater shifts.
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty t y




Question5 — Cellular adaptation(definitions)
ty ty ty ty ty




Whichtermbestdescribesan increase in cellsize (e.g.,cardiac myocytesenlarging from
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




chronic pressure overload)?
ty ty




A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correctanswer:C. Hypertrophy Rationale:
ty ty ty ty




Hypertrophy=increasein cell size (oftenwith increased functional capacity). For
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




example, cardiacmyocytehypertrophyoccurswith chronic increased workload.
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




• A(hyperplasia) = increasein cellnumber.
ty ty ty ty ty ty




• B(atrophy)= decreasein cell size and/ornumber.
ty ty ty ty t y ty ty ty




• D(metaplasia) =replacement ofoneadult cell typewith another (adaptive cha
ty t y ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




nge).


Question6 — Apoptosisvs necrosis ty ty ty ty ty




Which statement correctly distinguishes apoptosisfromnecrosis?
ty t y ty t y ty ty




A. Apoptosisisaninflammatory, uncontrolled celldeath; necrosisis programmed an
ty ty ty t y ty ty ty ty ty ty




d energy-dependent.
ty




B. Apoptosisisenergy-dependent, orderly, and typically non-ty ty ty ty ty t y




inflammatory; necrosis causes membrane rupture and inflammation. ty ty ty t y ty ty




C. Apoptosisonly occursin responseto infection; necrosis only occurswith isc
ty ty ty ty ty ty t y ty ty ty ty




hemia.
D. Apoptosisalways leads totissuescarring; necrosisnever does. ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




Correctanswer:B. Apoptosis is energy-dependent, orderly, and typically non-
ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty ty




inflammatory; necrosis causes membrane rupture and inflammation.
ty ty ty ty ty t y ty