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Samenvatting vocabulary & grammar Engels

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English grammar
Introduction
English is an official language in 61 countries. (Australia, Ireland…)

Why has English become a world language?
 The power of the people who speak it. It was the language of science. It’s
the main language in America and America is very big.

,The alphabet
Spelling:
Als je een hoofdletter moet spellen dan zeg je bv: capital R.
Wanneer 2 dezelfde letters elkaar opvolgen, wordt de letter slechts 1 keer
genoemd, maar dan zeg je bv: double L.
(/) = slash
(-) = dash
(_) = underscore
(.) = dot
(@) = at
(‘) = apostrophe


Plural nouns
Normale regel: noun + s
Bv: one girl  two girls
Bv: 1 book  2 books


Uitzonderingen:
Hissing sounds (sissende geluiden) Nouns ending in ‘y’ 
ies / + s
(s, sh, x, tch, ch) + es Bv: party  parties


Bv: match  matches Bv: story  stories
Bv: wish  wishes Bv: city  cities
Bv: box  boxes Bv: way  ways
Bv: Jones  the Joneses Bv: The Kennedys, Februarys


Nouns ending in ‘o’ + es / + s Nouns ending in ‘f’ 
ves / + S
Bv: tomato  tomatoes Bv: wolf  wolves
Bv: potato  potatoes Bv: shelf  shelves
Bv: hero  heroes Bv: chief  chiefs
Bv: piano  pianos
Irregular forms:

Woman Women
Thesis, analysis Theses, analyses
Mouse Mice
Phenomenon Phenomena

, Bv: kilo  kilos


Nouns zijn woorden die verwijzen naar mensen, dingen, dieren, concepten… De
meeste ‘nouns’ hebben een enkelvoudige en meervoudige vorm.
Er zijn 2 soorten ‘nouns’
1. Countable nouns: kan je makkelijk tellen, ze hebben een vorm in het
meervoud.
a. Bv: 1 cat, 2 cats, 3 cats…
b. Bv: 1 man, 2 men, 3 men…
2. Uncountable nouns: je kan ze niet tellen en kan er ook geen ‘a’ voor
zetten, ze hebben geen vorm in het meervoud.
a. Bv: 1 money, 2 moneys…
b. Bv: A wool, 2 wools…


Note
Some words only have plural forms:
Bv: pyjamas, trousers, pliers (tang), scissors, glasses, headquarters
Abbreviations and years: (afkortingen en jaartallen)
Bv : UFO’s, 1190s, PCs
Quantity and units: (hoeveelheden en eenheden )
Bv : 30 grams, 2 dollars


Saxon genitive / of-pattern
Structure Saxon genitive
Singular noun : + ‘s
Bv : The girl’s book
Plural noun ending in -s : + ‘
Bv : the girls’ books
Plural noun not ending in -s: +’s
Bv: The women’s books
Name ending in -s: + ‘s
Bv: James’s books
BUT: famous people, classical names: +’
Bv: Dickens’ novels Bv: Jezus’ books
Note:
You can also use the Saxon genitive after more than one noun.
Bv: Anna and Martin’s wedding.
R375,18
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