Bio 431 Unit 3 Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
What is the function Salivary Glands? - ANSWER--Cleanse the mouth, moisten
-dissolved food chemicals
-aids in bolus formation
-contains enzymes to break down starch
Name the intrinsic and extrinsic salivary glands describe how they are regulate and
control saliva differently. - ANSWER-Intrinsic: keep mouth moist / constantly
releasing saliva
- buccal glands
Extrinsic: releases saliva at the thought, taste, or smell of food
- parotid glands
-Submandibular glands
-Sublingual glands
What is the Composition of Saliva - ANSWER-97-99.5 % water , slightly acidic ,
electrolytes
What is Deglutition and name the 2 phases - ANSWER-"Swallowing"
-Buccal phase: voluntary
-Pharyngeal-esophageal phase: involuntary
What is the function of the Stomach (temporary Storage tank) - ANSWER-Mixes and
stores food converting them to chyme
Name the 4 regions of the stomach. - ANSWER-1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus
What type of cells are on the mucosa gastric surface? - ANSWER-Mucus cap cells:
(bicarbonate- rich mucus) protective stomach layer
Name 4 different gastric glands, what they secrete and the function. - ANSWER-1.
Mucus neck cells:
- secrete mucus , forms lining
2. Parietal Cells
- hydrochloric acid (HCL) to denature carbohydrate protiens
- Intrinsic Factor secretes vitamin B12 and helps absorb
3. Chief cells
- Pepsinogen activates to peptin in order to break down protein (activated by HCL)
- Gastric lipase
4. Enteroendocrine cells
, - Gastrin to increase stomach activity , causes more enzymes and motility
Name the 3 types of muscle in the Muscularis layer of stomach and their function. -
ANSWER-1. Oblique
2. Circular
3. Longitudinal
(mixes things up)
What are Gastric Ulcers: - ANSWER-When acid in stomach eats through stomach
lining
Name the 3 phases of Gastric Secretion. What stimulates and inhibits each phase? -
ANSWER-1. Cephalic (reflex) phase:
stimulated by brain / inhibited by brain
2. Gastric Phase:
stimulated by Gastrin / inhibited by sympathetic activation
3. Intestinal phase:
stimulated by intestinal gastrin / inhibited by enterogastric reflex and
cholecystokinin , secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide
What is Alkaline Tide and describe the process - ANSWER-When CO2 goes into
chief cell and mixes with water. Creates H2CO3.
Splits to H+ and HCO3-
HCO3- leaves cell enters blood
Cl- enters cell into stomach
Then H+ enters stomach
K+ enters cell then goes back into stomach
The H+ and Cl- combine into HCl
Stomach stretches to accommodate filling, but internal stomach pressure remains
constant until about 1.5 L of food has been ingested. It's unchanging pressure is due
to what?: - ANSWER-stretch relaxation reflex
Describe Gastric Contractile Activity (Peristaltic wave with propulsion, grinding and
retropulsion) - ANSWER-1. Propulsion: stimulated by peristaltic waves / inhibited by
2. Grinding: stimulated by / inhibited by
3. Retropulsion: stimulated by / inhibited by
How long does it usually take for the stomach to empty? What would cause it to take
longer? - ANSWER-Can take up to 4 hours / fatty chyme causes it to take longer
What is the Body's major digestive organ? - ANSWER-small intestine
What are the small intestines three subdivisions and approximately what are there
lengths? - ANSWER-1. Duodenum: 10 inch
2. Jejunum: 8 feet
3. Ileum: 12 feet
Name three Modifications of the Small intestine that help increase absorption. How
do they help with absorption? - ANSWER-(all increase surface area)
Correct Answers
What is the function Salivary Glands? - ANSWER--Cleanse the mouth, moisten
-dissolved food chemicals
-aids in bolus formation
-contains enzymes to break down starch
Name the intrinsic and extrinsic salivary glands describe how they are regulate and
control saliva differently. - ANSWER-Intrinsic: keep mouth moist / constantly
releasing saliva
- buccal glands
Extrinsic: releases saliva at the thought, taste, or smell of food
- parotid glands
-Submandibular glands
-Sublingual glands
What is the Composition of Saliva - ANSWER-97-99.5 % water , slightly acidic ,
electrolytes
What is Deglutition and name the 2 phases - ANSWER-"Swallowing"
-Buccal phase: voluntary
-Pharyngeal-esophageal phase: involuntary
What is the function of the Stomach (temporary Storage tank) - ANSWER-Mixes and
stores food converting them to chyme
Name the 4 regions of the stomach. - ANSWER-1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus
What type of cells are on the mucosa gastric surface? - ANSWER-Mucus cap cells:
(bicarbonate- rich mucus) protective stomach layer
Name 4 different gastric glands, what they secrete and the function. - ANSWER-1.
Mucus neck cells:
- secrete mucus , forms lining
2. Parietal Cells
- hydrochloric acid (HCL) to denature carbohydrate protiens
- Intrinsic Factor secretes vitamin B12 and helps absorb
3. Chief cells
- Pepsinogen activates to peptin in order to break down protein (activated by HCL)
- Gastric lipase
4. Enteroendocrine cells
, - Gastrin to increase stomach activity , causes more enzymes and motility
Name the 3 types of muscle in the Muscularis layer of stomach and their function. -
ANSWER-1. Oblique
2. Circular
3. Longitudinal
(mixes things up)
What are Gastric Ulcers: - ANSWER-When acid in stomach eats through stomach
lining
Name the 3 phases of Gastric Secretion. What stimulates and inhibits each phase? -
ANSWER-1. Cephalic (reflex) phase:
stimulated by brain / inhibited by brain
2. Gastric Phase:
stimulated by Gastrin / inhibited by sympathetic activation
3. Intestinal phase:
stimulated by intestinal gastrin / inhibited by enterogastric reflex and
cholecystokinin , secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide
What is Alkaline Tide and describe the process - ANSWER-When CO2 goes into
chief cell and mixes with water. Creates H2CO3.
Splits to H+ and HCO3-
HCO3- leaves cell enters blood
Cl- enters cell into stomach
Then H+ enters stomach
K+ enters cell then goes back into stomach
The H+ and Cl- combine into HCl
Stomach stretches to accommodate filling, but internal stomach pressure remains
constant until about 1.5 L of food has been ingested. It's unchanging pressure is due
to what?: - ANSWER-stretch relaxation reflex
Describe Gastric Contractile Activity (Peristaltic wave with propulsion, grinding and
retropulsion) - ANSWER-1. Propulsion: stimulated by peristaltic waves / inhibited by
2. Grinding: stimulated by / inhibited by
3. Retropulsion: stimulated by / inhibited by
How long does it usually take for the stomach to empty? What would cause it to take
longer? - ANSWER-Can take up to 4 hours / fatty chyme causes it to take longer
What is the Body's major digestive organ? - ANSWER-small intestine
What are the small intestines three subdivisions and approximately what are there
lengths? - ANSWER-1. Duodenum: 10 inch
2. Jejunum: 8 feet
3. Ileum: 12 feet
Name three Modifications of the Small intestine that help increase absorption. How
do they help with absorption? - ANSWER-(all increase surface area)
