PHLEBOTOMY NATIONAL EXAM (NHA) Questions with
Verifiable Solutions
Types of Hazards✔✔Biologic, sharps, chemical, electrical, fire/explosive, physical, and allergic
reaction
Biologic hazard is defined as what?✔✔infectious agents that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal, or
parasitic infections
Sharps hazards is defined as what?✔✔needles, lancets, and broken glass that can puncture and
cut and cause blood-borne pathogen exposure
chemical hazards is defined as what?✔✔preservatives and chemicals used in the lab
electrical hazards is defined as what?✔✔high-voltage equipment can cause burns and shock
fire/explosive hazards✔✔bunsen burners, oxygen and chemicals can cause burns or
dismemberment
physical hazards✔✔wet floors, heavy lifting can cause falls, sprains and strains
allergic reaction hazards✔✔latex sensitivity
Most effective way to control bleeding✔✔elevate affected part above heart level and apply
direct pressure
,symptoms of shock✔✔rapid weak pulse, pale cold clammy skin, increased shallow breathing
rate, expressionless face, staring eyes
Agents✔✔infectious microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
Portal of exit✔✔the method by which an infectious agent leaves is reservoir
MODE of transmission✔✔specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to
the susceptible host
FIVE main types of mode of transmission✔✔contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vector
borne
Portal of entry✔✔allows the infectious agents access to the susceptible host
common entry sites✔✔broken skin, mucous membranes, and body systems exposed to the
external environment
susceptible host✔✔infectious agent enters a person who is not resistant or immune
Medical asepsis✔✔the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body
Most important means of preventing the spread of infection✔✔HANDWASHING
PPE✔✔personal protective equipment
, PPE includes...✔✔gloves, masks, goggles, face shields, and respirator
CDC✔✔Center for Disease Control AND PREVENTION
Standard precautions✔✔infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with
blood and other body fluids and tissues by using barrier protection and work control practices
When should you wear gloves?✔✔when collecting and handling blood, body fluids, or tissue
specimen
When should you wear a face shield?✔✔When there is danger for splashing on mucous
membranes
informed consent✔✔consent given by the patient who is made aware of any procedure to be
performed, its risks, expected outcomes, and alternatives
Characteristics imperative to a phlebotomist✔✔Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy and
compassion, professional appearance, interpersonal skills
Circulatory system function✔✔deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells and
transport cellular waste (CO2) to organs where they can be expelled
The two circulations✔✔Pulmonary & Systemic
Pulmonary circulation✔✔carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and
returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Verifiable Solutions
Types of Hazards✔✔Biologic, sharps, chemical, electrical, fire/explosive, physical, and allergic
reaction
Biologic hazard is defined as what?✔✔infectious agents that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal, or
parasitic infections
Sharps hazards is defined as what?✔✔needles, lancets, and broken glass that can puncture and
cut and cause blood-borne pathogen exposure
chemical hazards is defined as what?✔✔preservatives and chemicals used in the lab
electrical hazards is defined as what?✔✔high-voltage equipment can cause burns and shock
fire/explosive hazards✔✔bunsen burners, oxygen and chemicals can cause burns or
dismemberment
physical hazards✔✔wet floors, heavy lifting can cause falls, sprains and strains
allergic reaction hazards✔✔latex sensitivity
Most effective way to control bleeding✔✔elevate affected part above heart level and apply
direct pressure
,symptoms of shock✔✔rapid weak pulse, pale cold clammy skin, increased shallow breathing
rate, expressionless face, staring eyes
Agents✔✔infectious microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
Portal of exit✔✔the method by which an infectious agent leaves is reservoir
MODE of transmission✔✔specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to
the susceptible host
FIVE main types of mode of transmission✔✔contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vector
borne
Portal of entry✔✔allows the infectious agents access to the susceptible host
common entry sites✔✔broken skin, mucous membranes, and body systems exposed to the
external environment
susceptible host✔✔infectious agent enters a person who is not resistant or immune
Medical asepsis✔✔the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body
Most important means of preventing the spread of infection✔✔HANDWASHING
PPE✔✔personal protective equipment
, PPE includes...✔✔gloves, masks, goggles, face shields, and respirator
CDC✔✔Center for Disease Control AND PREVENTION
Standard precautions✔✔infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with
blood and other body fluids and tissues by using barrier protection and work control practices
When should you wear gloves?✔✔when collecting and handling blood, body fluids, or tissue
specimen
When should you wear a face shield?✔✔When there is danger for splashing on mucous
membranes
informed consent✔✔consent given by the patient who is made aware of any procedure to be
performed, its risks, expected outcomes, and alternatives
Characteristics imperative to a phlebotomist✔✔Dependability, honesty, integrity, empathy and
compassion, professional appearance, interpersonal skills
Circulatory system function✔✔deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones, & enzymes to cells and
transport cellular waste (CO2) to organs where they can be expelled
The two circulations✔✔Pulmonary & Systemic
Pulmonary circulation✔✔carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and
returns oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
