MICR 290 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM 290
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST VERSION
1. "Catalase Test - CORRECT ANSWER=> The enzyme catalase converts hydrogen
peroxide into water and oxygen. If a drop of hydrogen peroxide is added to a
sample of bacteria which produce catalase, oxygen is produced, resulting in the
formation of bubbles."
2. "Oxidase Test - CORRECT ANSWER=> Used to see if a bacterial strain produces
enzymes known as cytochrome c oxidases. Test uses TMPD which can be
chemically modified by oxidase enzymes. TMPD is colourless but changes to a
dark blue colour if it is oxidized by a cytochrome c oxidase."
3. "Indole Test - CORRECT ANSWER=> Measures whether a bacterial strain degrades
the amino acid tryptophan to form indole. The addition of Kovac's reagent to an
indole-positive culture results in the formation of a red dye."
4. "Sanger Sequencing - CORRECT ANSWER=> Allows for the determination of
sequences of DNA that are around 500 to 1000 base pairs in length."
5. "Next Generation Sequencing - CORRECT ANSWER=> Useful tools for the study
of individual bacteria, as well as bacterial populations and can determine the
sequences of all of the DNA molecules in a sample."
6. "Growth Media - CORRECT ANSWER=> Used for growing bacteria and can be
categorized according to its nutritional components."
1|Page
,7. "Chemically defined media - CORRECT ANSWER=> All of the ingredients are
pure chemicals of known composition."
8. "Complex Media - CORRECT ANSWER=> Made from chemically complex extracts
from yeasts. meat, or plants. The composition of these extracts are not fully
defined, containing mixtures of amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates, and
vitamins."
9. "Differential Media - CORRECT ANSWER=> Used to distinguish between different
kinds of bacteria."
10. "Selective Media - CORRECT ANSWER=> Used to grow specific bacteria."
11. "Blood Agar - CORRECT ANSWER=> A complex solid media containing blood.
Some bacteria lyse RBCs, therefore these colonies are surrounded by a clear zone.
Other bacteria break hemoglobin to give a greenish by-product."
12. "MacConkey Agar - CORRECT ANSWER=> A complex media that is both selective
and differential and contains bile salts and crystal violet which inhibit the growth
of GP bacteria."
13. "DNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER=> Recognizes a DNA sequence located
before the gene known as a promoter, and synthesizes an mRNA transcript of
the gene. This transcript is translated by the ribosome in order to produce a
protein. The ribosome recognizes the codons in the mRNA transcript, initiating
protein synthesis at the start codon, selecting which amino acid to incorporate."
14. "Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER=> The major DNA component in a bacterial
cell is the chromosome, which normally occurs as a double-stranded, circular
molecule."
15. "Plasmid - CORRECT ANSWER=> In addition to the chromosome, bacteria often
contain plasmids, which are mobile genetic elements that can be transferred
between bacterial cells."
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, 16. "Transposons - CORRECT ANSWER=> Short sequences of DNA that are capable of
moving between different strands of DNA. They can jump from a chromosome
to a plasmid, from a plasmid to a chromosome or even to different positions
within a chromosome or plasmid. Many contain only a single gene which codes
for transposase which allows for the movement between different DNA
sequences."
17. "Operons - CORRECT ANSWER=> Organized structures of genes that encode for
proteins with related functions tend to be grouped together on the bacterial
chromosome."
18. "Binary Fission - CORRECT ANSWER=> The 2 offspring cells each inherit a copy of
the chromosome. This transfer of genetic material from parent cells to their
offspring is known as vertical gene transfer."
19. "Plasmids - CORRECT ANSWER=> Circular double-stranded molecules of DNA
that are found in the bacterial cytoplasm and tend to be smaller than the
chromosome and replicate independently."
20. "Copy Number - CORRECT ANSWER=> The number of copies of a particular
plasmid in a single bacterial cell."
21. "Fertility Factors - CORRECT ANSWER=> Encode the necessary functions for
bacteria to undergo conjugation where a copy of the plasmid is transmitted from
1 bacterial cell to another."
22. "Resistance plasmids - CORRECT ANSWER=> Contain genes that confer bacteria
with resistance to certain antibiotics. Some resistance plasmids contain several
different resistance. genes, conferring resistance to many different classes of
antibiotics."
23. "Virulence plasmids - CORRECT ANSWER=> Contain genes that make bacteria
pathogenic."
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QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST VERSION
1. "Catalase Test - CORRECT ANSWER=> The enzyme catalase converts hydrogen
peroxide into water and oxygen. If a drop of hydrogen peroxide is added to a
sample of bacteria which produce catalase, oxygen is produced, resulting in the
formation of bubbles."
2. "Oxidase Test - CORRECT ANSWER=> Used to see if a bacterial strain produces
enzymes known as cytochrome c oxidases. Test uses TMPD which can be
chemically modified by oxidase enzymes. TMPD is colourless but changes to a
dark blue colour if it is oxidized by a cytochrome c oxidase."
3. "Indole Test - CORRECT ANSWER=> Measures whether a bacterial strain degrades
the amino acid tryptophan to form indole. The addition of Kovac's reagent to an
indole-positive culture results in the formation of a red dye."
4. "Sanger Sequencing - CORRECT ANSWER=> Allows for the determination of
sequences of DNA that are around 500 to 1000 base pairs in length."
5. "Next Generation Sequencing - CORRECT ANSWER=> Useful tools for the study
of individual bacteria, as well as bacterial populations and can determine the
sequences of all of the DNA molecules in a sample."
6. "Growth Media - CORRECT ANSWER=> Used for growing bacteria and can be
categorized according to its nutritional components."
1|Page
,7. "Chemically defined media - CORRECT ANSWER=> All of the ingredients are
pure chemicals of known composition."
8. "Complex Media - CORRECT ANSWER=> Made from chemically complex extracts
from yeasts. meat, or plants. The composition of these extracts are not fully
defined, containing mixtures of amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates, and
vitamins."
9. "Differential Media - CORRECT ANSWER=> Used to distinguish between different
kinds of bacteria."
10. "Selective Media - CORRECT ANSWER=> Used to grow specific bacteria."
11. "Blood Agar - CORRECT ANSWER=> A complex solid media containing blood.
Some bacteria lyse RBCs, therefore these colonies are surrounded by a clear zone.
Other bacteria break hemoglobin to give a greenish by-product."
12. "MacConkey Agar - CORRECT ANSWER=> A complex media that is both selective
and differential and contains bile salts and crystal violet which inhibit the growth
of GP bacteria."
13. "DNA polymerase - CORRECT ANSWER=> Recognizes a DNA sequence located
before the gene known as a promoter, and synthesizes an mRNA transcript of
the gene. This transcript is translated by the ribosome in order to produce a
protein. The ribosome recognizes the codons in the mRNA transcript, initiating
protein synthesis at the start codon, selecting which amino acid to incorporate."
14. "Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER=> The major DNA component in a bacterial
cell is the chromosome, which normally occurs as a double-stranded, circular
molecule."
15. "Plasmid - CORRECT ANSWER=> In addition to the chromosome, bacteria often
contain plasmids, which are mobile genetic elements that can be transferred
between bacterial cells."
2|Page
, 16. "Transposons - CORRECT ANSWER=> Short sequences of DNA that are capable of
moving between different strands of DNA. They can jump from a chromosome
to a plasmid, from a plasmid to a chromosome or even to different positions
within a chromosome or plasmid. Many contain only a single gene which codes
for transposase which allows for the movement between different DNA
sequences."
17. "Operons - CORRECT ANSWER=> Organized structures of genes that encode for
proteins with related functions tend to be grouped together on the bacterial
chromosome."
18. "Binary Fission - CORRECT ANSWER=> The 2 offspring cells each inherit a copy of
the chromosome. This transfer of genetic material from parent cells to their
offspring is known as vertical gene transfer."
19. "Plasmids - CORRECT ANSWER=> Circular double-stranded molecules of DNA
that are found in the bacterial cytoplasm and tend to be smaller than the
chromosome and replicate independently."
20. "Copy Number - CORRECT ANSWER=> The number of copies of a particular
plasmid in a single bacterial cell."
21. "Fertility Factors - CORRECT ANSWER=> Encode the necessary functions for
bacteria to undergo conjugation where a copy of the plasmid is transmitted from
1 bacterial cell to another."
22. "Resistance plasmids - CORRECT ANSWER=> Contain genes that confer bacteria
with resistance to certain antibiotics. Some resistance plasmids contain several
different resistance. genes, conferring resistance to many different classes of
antibiotics."
23. "Virulence plasmids - CORRECT ANSWER=> Contain genes that make bacteria
pathogenic."
3|Page
