Adrenal Glands Exam Questions and answers
how is the adrenal gland regulated? - ✅✅By ACTH, which is released from the anterior pituitary
gland.
What is the stimulus for ACTH release? - ✅✅low cortisol, aldosterone, or testosterone
What does ACTH tell the adrenal glands to do? - ✅✅release steroids:
CORTISOL (AKA glucocorticoids because they increase blood sugar)
ALDOSTERONE (AKA mineralocorticoids because they increase salt retention)
TESTOSTERONE (AKA androgens for "male forming")
Why is the adrenal gland nicknamed the "stress gland" - ✅✅Because it can release catecholamines
into the bloodstream during fight, flight or freeze; and it can release steroid hormones to deal with
stress. It mobilizes the body for muscle contraction by increasing blood pressure, blood sugar, blood
fatty acids, and decreasing inflammation
What are the effects of cortisol? - ✅✅*increases blood glucose (by making liver squirt out glucose)
*increases blood fatty acids (by mobilizing fat stores)
*decreases inflammation (by suppressing immune response)
What are the effects of aldosterone? - ✅✅Targets kidneys, especially the distal convoluted tubule to
cause
• Increase Na reabsorption
• Increased K secretion
This raises blood volume and blood pressure
What are the effects of testosterone on the adult body? - ✅✅*aggression/willingness to fight
*libido
*enhanced muscle and bone growth
how is the adrenal gland regulated? - ✅✅By ACTH, which is released from the anterior pituitary
gland.
What is the stimulus for ACTH release? - ✅✅low cortisol, aldosterone, or testosterone
What does ACTH tell the adrenal glands to do? - ✅✅release steroids:
CORTISOL (AKA glucocorticoids because they increase blood sugar)
ALDOSTERONE (AKA mineralocorticoids because they increase salt retention)
TESTOSTERONE (AKA androgens for "male forming")
Why is the adrenal gland nicknamed the "stress gland" - ✅✅Because it can release catecholamines
into the bloodstream during fight, flight or freeze; and it can release steroid hormones to deal with
stress. It mobilizes the body for muscle contraction by increasing blood pressure, blood sugar, blood
fatty acids, and decreasing inflammation
What are the effects of cortisol? - ✅✅*increases blood glucose (by making liver squirt out glucose)
*increases blood fatty acids (by mobilizing fat stores)
*decreases inflammation (by suppressing immune response)
What are the effects of aldosterone? - ✅✅Targets kidneys, especially the distal convoluted tubule to
cause
• Increase Na reabsorption
• Increased K secretion
This raises blood volume and blood pressure
What are the effects of testosterone on the adult body? - ✅✅*aggression/willingness to fight
*libido
*enhanced muscle and bone growth
